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Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy related to germline PIGA mutations: A series of 5 cases
European Journal of Paediatric Neurology ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.06.002
Sébastien Cabasson 1 , Julien Van-Gils 2 , Frédéric Villéga 1 , Marie-Thérèse Abi-Warde 3 , Giulia Barcia 4 , Leila Lazaro 5 , Claude Cancés 6 , Jamel Chelly 7 , Caroline Karsenty 6 , Serge Rivera 5 , Anne de Saint-Martin 3 , Aurélien Trimouille 2 , Laurent Villard 8 , Jean-Michel Pédespan 1
Affiliation  

The molecular diagnosis of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE), an expanding field in child neurology, is becoming increasingly possible thanks to the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. In the past 15 years, mutations in STXBP1, KCNQ2, SCN2A, SCN8A and numerous other genes have been reported, giving a more accurate insight for these rare diseases. Among these genes, germline mutations in Phosphatidyl Inositol Glycan A (PIGA) gene were first reported in 2012. Located on Xp22.2, PIGA is involved in the synthesis of GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol) which acts as a membrane anchor for different proteins: enzymes, adhesion molecules, regulation of the complement way, and co-receptor in transduction signal. Children suffering from this condition exhibit developmental delay with early-onset epilepsy, severe dysmorphic signs, multi-visceral anomalies and early death in the most severe forms. Here, we report five cases of germline PIGA mutations, with two missense mutations that have not been reported to date. We provide a new insight into the electroclinical phenotype. At the onset, epileptic spasms and focal-onset seizures with upper limbs and ocular involvements were present. Epilepsy proved pharmacoresistant in 4 out of 5 cases. Interictal EEG may be normal at the onset of epilepsy, but abnormalities in electroencephalographic studies were eventually present in all cases. Different types of seizures may be present simultaneously, and epileptic phenotypes evolve with aging.

中文翻译:

与生殖系PIGA突变相关的早发性癫痫性脑病:系列5例

由于新一代测序和全外显子组测序的广泛应用,早发性癫痫性脑病 (EOEE) 的分子诊断是儿童神经病学的一个不断扩大的领域。在过去的 15 年中,已经报道了 STXBP1、KCNQ2、SCN2A、SCN8A 和许多其他基因的突变,为这些罕见疾病提供了更准确的见解。在这些基因中,磷脂酰肌醇聚糖 A (PIGA) 基因的种系突变于 2012 年首次报道。 PIGA 位于 Xp22.2,参与 GPI(糖基磷脂酰肌醇)的合成,作为不同蛋白质的膜锚:酶、粘附分子、补体途径的调节和转导信号中的共受体。患有这种疾病的儿童表现出发育迟缓,包括早发性癫痫、严重的畸形症状、多内脏异常和最严重形式的过早死亡。在这里,我们报告了五例种系 PIGA 突变,其中有两个迄今为止尚未报道的错义突变。我们提供了对电临床表型的新见解。发病时出现癫痫性痉挛和局灶性癫痫发作,上肢和眼部受累。5 例中有 4 例癫痫证明对药物具有抗药性。癫痫发作时,发作间期脑电图可能正常,但最终所有病例均出现脑电图检查异常。不同类型的癫痫发作可能同时存在,并且癫痫表型随着年龄的增长而演变。最严重形式的多内脏异常和早逝。在这里,我们报告了五例种系 PIGA 突变,其中有两个迄今为止尚未报道的错义突变。我们提供了对电临床表型的新见解。发病时出现癫痫性痉挛和局灶性癫痫发作,上肢和眼部受累。5 例中有 4 例癫痫证明对药物具有抗药性。癫痫发作时,发作间期脑电图可能正常,但最终所有病例均出现脑电图检查异常。不同类型的癫痫发作可能同时存在,并且癫痫表型随着年龄的增长而演变。最严重形式的多内脏异常和早逝。在这里,我们报告了五例种系 PIGA 突变,其中有两个迄今为止尚未报道的错义突变。我们提供了对电临床表型的新见解。发病时出现癫痫性痉挛和局灶性癫痫发作,上肢和眼部受累。5 例中有 4 例癫痫证明对药物具有抗药性。癫痫发作时,发作间期脑电图可能正常,但最终所有病例均出现脑电图检查异常。不同类型的癫痫发作可能同时存在,并且癫痫表型随着年龄的增长而演变。发病时出现癫痫性痉挛和局灶性癫痫发作,上肢和眼部受累。5 例中有 4 例癫痫证明对药物具有抗药性。癫痫发作时,发作间期脑电图可能正常,但最终所有病例均出现脑电图检查异常。不同类型的癫痫发作可能同时存在,并且癫痫表型随着年龄的增长而演变。发病时出现癫痫性痉挛和局灶性癫痫发作,上肢和眼部受累。5 例中有 4 例癫痫证明对药物具有抗药性。癫痫发作时,发作间期脑电图可能正常,但最终所有病例均出现脑电图检查异常。不同类型的癫痫发作可能同时存在,并且癫痫表型随着年龄的增长而演变。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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