Abstract The main aim of the present study was to evaluate benefits of the new technology of sugar beet varieties tolerant to foramsulfuron (FSN) + thiencarbazone-methyl (TCM) herbicides commercialised as Conviso® Smart (four weed management strategies were tested) compared to conventional herbicides (two weed management strategies). Plot-field trials were carried out in Prague (Czech Republic) in 2016–2019. Efficacy on Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. B., Abutilon theophrasti Med. and weed beet were evaluated. FSN + TCM controlled all tested weeds very well (efficacy more than 97%) in case of split application with an oil adjuvant. When only one application of FSN + TCM was performed in dry weather conditions, efficacy on C. album and A. theophrasti was insufficient (less than 90%). FSN + TCM fully controlled weed beet at all tested weed management strategies in all experimental years and a residual activity of this herbicide did not allow new plants to emerge. The conventional tank-mixes (TM) controlled C. album and A. retroflexus well (efficacy more than 96%). Efficacy of conventional TM on E. crus-galli ranged from 78 to 100%. Efficacy on A. theophrasti was affected by herbicides used and weather conditions, but did not exceed 92% with either of the conventional TM. The tested conventional herbicides were not able to control weed beet. A relatively high reproductive ability of C. album and A. retroflexus (13,000–157,000 and 7000–10,000 seeds m−2, respectively) was seen in plots where these weeds were not fully controlled. The seed production of A. theophrasti was relatively low (not exceeded 25,000 seeds m−2). However, mature seeds were present in most plots. The reproductive ability of E. crus-galli in sugar beet canopy was much lower (200 - 1800 seeds m−2) compared to the other species, due to its late emergence. Weed beet competed with sugar beet only when other weeds were controlled and weed beet survived the treatment. In these plots, fruit production of weed beet was significantly higher (5000–75,000 fruits m−2). The highest sugar beet yields (78–100 t ha−1) were in weed-free plots or plots with a low weed infestation (split application of FSN + TCM). A significantly lower yield (45–52 t ha−1) was recorded when C. album and A. theophrasti were not sufficiently controlled. In plots where the weed beet was the only weed not controlled, sugar beet yield ranged from 23 to 61 t ha−1. The lowest sugar beet yield (less than 10 t ha−1) was observed in untreated plots where mainly C. album and A. theophrasti predominated. There was a negative relationship between sugar beet yield and total weed biomass.

中文翻译：

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耐ALS抑制性除草剂的甜菜品种：杂草管理的新工具

摘要 本研究的主要目的是评估耐甲嘧磺隆 (FSN) + 甲基噻吩草胺 (TCM) 除草剂的甜菜品种新技术的优势，与传统的 Conviso® Smart（测试了四种杂草管理策略）相比。除草剂（两种杂草管理策略）。2016-2019 年在布拉格（捷克共和国）进行了田间试验。对藜属植物的功效，Amaranthus retroflexus L.，Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB，Abutilon theophrasti Med。和杂草甜菜进行了评价。FSN + TCM 在与油助剂分次施用的情况下，对所有测试的杂草进行了很好的控制（效率超过 97%）。在干燥天气条件下仅施用FSN+TCM 1次时，对C.album和A.theophrasti的疗效不足（小于90%）。FSN + TCM 在所有实验年份的所有杂草管理策略中完全控制了杂草甜菜，并且这种除草剂的残留活性不允许新植物出现。传统的罐混合 (TM) 可以很好地控制 C. album 和 A. retroflexus（效率超过 96%）。传统 TM 对 E. crus-galli 的效力范围为 78% 至 100%。对 A. theophrasti 的功效受所用除草剂和天气条件的影响，但使用任一传统 TM 均不超过 92%。测试的常规除草剂不能控制杂草甜菜。在未完全控制这些杂草的地块中，可以看到 C. album 和 A. retroflexus 的繁殖能力相对较高（分别为 13,000-157,000 和 7000-10,000 粒种子 m-2）。A. theophrasti 的种子产量相对较低（不超过 25,000 粒种子 m-2）。然而，大多数地块中都存在成熟的种子。与其他物种相比，甜菜树冠中的 E. crus-galli 的繁殖能力要低得多（200 - 1800 粒种子 m-2），这是由于其出现较晚。杂草甜菜只有在其他杂草得到控制并且杂草甜菜在处理中存活下来时才与甜菜竞争。在这些地块中，杂草甜菜的果实产量明显更高（5000–75,000 个果实 m-2）。最高的甜菜产量（78-100 t ha-1）是在无杂草的地块或杂草侵染率低的地块（FSN + TCM 分批施用）。当 C. album 和 A. theophrasti 没有得到充分控制时，记录的产量显着降低（45-52 t ha-1）。在杂草甜菜是唯一不受控制的杂草的地块中，甜菜产量范围为 23 到 61 t ha-1。在未处理的地块中观察到最低的甜菜产量（小于 10 t ha-1），其中主要是 C. album 和 A. theophrasti 占优势。甜菜产量与杂草总生物量呈负相关。