Green chemistry has been proven to be an efficient route for nanoparticle synthesis. Plant extract based green synthesis of various nanoparticles is extensively studied since the last decade. This paper “Green synthesis and environmental application of Iron-based nanomaterials and nanocomposite: A review” unveils all the possible greener techniques for the synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites. The use of different plant sources, microorganisms, and various biocompatible green reagents such as biopolymers, cellulose, haemoglobin, and glucose for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles reported in the last decade are summarized. The microwave method, along with hydrothermal synthesis due to their lower energy consumption are also been referred to as a green route. Apart from different plant parts, waste leaves and roots used for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles are extensively briefed here. This review is thus compact in nature which covers all the broad areas of green synthesis of iron nanoparticles (NPs) and iron-based nanocomposites. Detailed discussion on environmental applications of the various green synthesized iron NPs and their composites with performance efficiency is provided in this review article. The advantages of bimetallic iron-based nanocomposites over iron NPs in various environmental applications are discussed in detail. The hazards and toxic properties of green synthesized iron-based NPs are compared with those obtained from chemical methods. The prospects and challenges section of this article provides a vivid outlook of adapting such useful technique into a more versatile process with certain inclusions which may encourage and provide a new direction to future research.

已证明绿色化学是纳米颗粒合成的有效途径。自最近十年以来，对各种纳米粒子的基于植物提取物的绿色合成进行了广泛研究。本文“铁基纳米材料和纳米复合材料的绿色合成和环境应用：综述”揭示了用于合成铁基纳米颗粒和纳米复合材料的所有可能的绿色技术。总结了过去十年中报道的不同植物来源，微生物和各种生物相容性绿色试剂（如生物聚合物，纤维素，血红蛋白和葡萄糖）在合成铁纳米颗粒中的用途。微波方法以及由于其较低的能量消耗而进行的水热合成也被称为绿色路线。除了植物的不同部位 这里广泛地介绍了用于合成铁纳米颗粒的废叶和根。因此，本综述本质上是紧凑的，涵盖了铁纳米颗粒（NPs）和铁基纳米复合材料的绿色合成的所有广泛领域。这篇综述文章详细讨论了各种绿色合成铁NP及其复合材料在环境中的应用。详细讨论了在各种环境应用中双金属铁基纳米复合材料比铁纳米颗粒的优势。将绿色合成的铁基NP的危害和毒性与化学方法进行了比较。