Abstract Restoration of ecological functions by reclamation of post-mining areas stimulates soil-formation processes and initiates biological activity on the surfaces of disposal sites. The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationships between soil properties, microbiological activity and diversity in Technosols 45 years following land reclamation. The study area was located in the vicinity of the former Fe sulphide and uranium mine in Rudki village (Holy Cross Mts., Poland). The soils developed from tailings containing Fe sulphides (profile R1 and R2) and Fe sulphide and dolomite-bearing post-flotation sludge covered with loamy material (profile R3) were studied. Soil properties and enzyme (dehydrogenase, arylsulphatase, β-glucosidase, urease) activities, respiration activity (RA) and total microbial counts (TMC) were determined, as well as molecular analyses were performed. The most important soil properties influencing enzyme activities, RA and TMC were pH and soil salinity. Biological parameters were also dependent on TOC, TN, exchangeable K and available P contents. Enzyme activity, RA and TMC were significantly lower in strongly acidic and saline profile R1 than in profiles R2 and R3, which represent areas where land reclamation was successful. Moreover, a decrease of enzyme activities, RA and TMC were observed with increasing depth of soil profiles. The lower activity of arylsulphatase, β-glucosidase and RA in A horizon of profile R3 in comparison with similar horizon in profile R2 may reflect the pollution of R3 topsoil by trace elements. Molecular analysis revealed that Bacillus genus predominate in the studied profiles. Soil properties (particularly pH) that are a repercussion of reclamation works seem to be the main variables conditioning biodiversity at the bacterial strains and species level. The obtained results indicated that enzyme activity, RA and TMC are sensitive indicators of microbiological activity and can be a measure in the assesment of soil biological activity following land reclamation.

中文翻译：

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由含有硫化铁的矿渣开发的技术土壤 (Technosols)：微生物活动作为土地复垦后土壤发展的指标

摘要 通过开垦后采矿区恢复生态功能会刺激土壤形成过程并启动处置场表面的生物活动。本次调查的目的是研究开垦 45 年后 Technosols 的土壤特性、微生物活动和多样性之间的关系。研究区位于 Rudki 村（波兰圣十字山）的前 Fe 硫化物和铀矿附近。研究了由含有硫化铁的尾矿（剖面 R1 和 R2）和硫化铁的尾矿和覆盖有壤质材料的含白云石的浮选后污泥（剖面 R3）形成的土壤。测定了土壤特性和酶（脱氢酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶）活性、呼吸活性 (RA) 和微生物总数 (TMC)，并进行了分子分析。影响酶活性、RA 和 TMC 的最重要的土壤特性是 pH 值和土壤盐度。生物参数还取决于 TOC、TN、可交换 K 和可用 P 含量。酶活性、RA 和 TMC 在强酸性和盐分剖面 R1 中显着低于剖面 R2 和 R3，这代表了土地复垦成功的区域。此外，随着土壤剖面深度的增加，观察到酶活性、RA 和 TMC 降低。R3剖面A层位芳基硫酸酯酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和RA活性低于剖面R2相似层位，可能反映了微量元素对R3表土的污染。分子分析表明，芽孢杆菌属在所研究的谱中占主导地位。土壤特性（特别是 pH 值）是复垦工程的影响因素，似乎是在细菌菌株和物种水平上调节生物多样性的主要变量。所得结果表明酶活性、RA和TMC是微生物活性的敏感指标，可作为复垦后土壤生物活性评价的指标。