Thin-film composite (TFC) structured membranes based on polyamide (PA) chemistry is the gold standard of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis-based technologies for water purification and desalination. Constructing interlayer between porous substrate and PA layer is a promising strategy to address the ubiquitous trade-off between permeability and selectivity, which is typically encountered by conventional TFC PA membranes. The progress in the interlayer benefits the precise control of interfacial polymerization process, which therefore can tailor the structure and performance of advanced TFC PA membranes. This review critically summarizes the recent advances in TFC PA membranes mediated by interlayer. The mechanisms of interlayer regulating the IP process and PA structure are first discussed based on available literature. Structure and performance of novel TFC PA membranes based on three kinds of interlayers, i.e., organic coatings, nanomaterial and nanocomposite interlayers, are systematically reviewed. Finally, perspectives and future efforts needed are proposed for interlayer based TFC PA membranes. This review offers comprehensive understanding and useful guidance on the rational design of advanced membranes mediated by interlayers for desalination and water purification.

基于聚酰胺（PA）化学成分的薄膜复合（TFC）结构膜是用于水净化和脱盐的纳滤和基于反渗透技术的金标准。在多孔基材和PA层之间构造中间层是解决渗透性和选择性之间普遍存在的权衡的有前途的策略，这是常规TFC PA膜通常会遇到的问题。中间层的进展有利于界面聚合过程的精确控制，因此可以调整高级TFC PA膜的结构和性能。这篇评论批判性地总结了由夹层介导的TFC PA膜的最新进展。首先根据现有文献讨论层间调节IP过程和PA结构的机制。对有机涂层，纳米材料和纳米复合中间层这三种中间层为基础的新型TFC PA膜的结构和性能进行了综述。最后，提出了基于层间的TFC PA膜的观点和未来的努力。这篇综述为由中间层介导的用于脱盐和水净化的高级膜的合理设计提供了全面的理解和有用的指导。