A digital elevation model (DEM) is an essential dataset for many land feature analyses, such as geomorphological feature analyses, which are very important for many types of studies. The present study involved the evaluation of five of the most common DEMs and their derived geomorphological features in the Humrat Assahn basin. A 10-m reference DEM was generated for the study area from a contour map produced at the Royal Jordanian Geographic Center (RJGC). In addition, an aerial photography DEM with a 10-m resolution was generated using PCI Geomatica software. Both the second version of the 30-m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global DEM version 2 (ASTER GDEM 2) and a DEM derived from 2000 Google earth (GE) elevation points were evaluated as well. The validation process included a comparison of elevation profiles, the calculation of DEM accuracies and statistics, and the evaluation of some delineated geomorphological features such as hill shade and watershed, which are derivatives of each DEM. The results revealed a strong relationship between the reference DEM and the aerial photo DEM, and it is found that there is a moderate relationship between the reference DEM and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), GE, and ASTER GDEM 2 DEMs. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the aforementioned DEM values were ± 12.526 m, ± 40.411 m, ± 42.332 m, and ± 43.383 m, respectively.

中文翻译：

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对可用的数字高程模型（DEM）进行地貌特征分析的评估

数字高程模型（DEM）是许多土地特征分析（例如地貌特征分析）的重要数据集，这对于许多类型的研究都非常重要。本研究涉及对Humrat Assahn盆地中五个最常见的DEM及其衍生的地貌特征进行评估。根据皇家约旦地理中心（RJGC）绘制的等高线图，为研究区域生成了10米参考DEM。此外，使用PCI Geomatica软件生成了分辨率为10 m的航拍DEM。还评估了第二版30米高级星载热发射和反射辐射计全球DEM版本2（ASTER GDEM 2）以及从2000个Google Earth（GE）高点得出的DEM。验证过程包括对海拔剖面的比较，计算DEM的准确性和统计数据，并评估一些描绘的地貌特征，例如山影和分水岭，它们是每个DEM的衍生物。结果表明，参考DEM与航拍DEM之间存在很强的关系，并且发现参考DEM与航天飞机雷达地形任务（SRTM），GE和ASTER GDEM 2 DEM之间存在适度的关系。上述DEM值的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为±12.526 m，±40.411 m，±42.332 m和±43.383 m。并且发现参考DEM与航天飞机雷达地形任务（SRTM），GE和ASTER GDEM 2 DEM之间存在适度的关系。上述DEM值的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为±12.526 m，±40.411 m，±42.332 m和±43.383 m。并且发现参考DEM与航天飞机雷达地形任务（SRTM），GE和ASTER GDEM 2 DEM之间存在适度的关系。上述DEM值的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为±12.526 m，±40.411 m，±42.332 m和±43.383 m。