In proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems operating at low temperature, water management is important as it helps to improve cell performance. In this research paper, a three-dimensional, steady-state and non-isothermal model was established. The paper is aimed at investigating the effect of water flooding on the PEMFC performance. The Taguchi approach was proposed to obtain optimal levels and analyze the influence of different parameters, such as relative humidity (RH) on the anode and cathode sides, gas diffusion layer (GDL) porosity on the anode and cathode sides, temperature and pressure, respectively. To illustrate the effect of wet inlet gases, the relative humidity and the GDL porosity for the model were varied on both sides of the anode and cathode as follows: 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%. Therefore, our findings show that at the anode RH = 0% and 100%, the optimum levels were (L4, L5, L3 and L1) and (L1, L1, L5 and L4) for the relative humidity of the cathode, GDL porosity of the cathode, temperature and pressure, respectively, while at the cathode RH = 0% and 100%, the optimum levels were (L5, L5, L5 and L4) and (L1, L5, L1 and L4) for the relative humidity of the anode, GDL porosity of the anode, temperature and pressure, respectively. Consequently, the maximum power densities for the optimal combinations were found to be 0.727, 0.725, 0.135 and 0.111 for the anode RH = 0%, anode RH = 100%, cathode RH = 0% and cathode RH = 100%, respectively.

在低温下运行的质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）系统中，水管理非常重要，因为它有助于提高电池性能。在本文中，建立了三维稳态非等温模型。本文旨在研究注水对PEMFC性能的影响。提出了Taguchi方法以获得最佳水平并分析不同参数的影响，例如阳极和阴极侧的相对湿度（RH），阳极和阴极侧的气体扩散层（GDL）孔隙率，温度和压力分别。为了说明湿进气体的影响，模型的相对湿度和GDL孔隙率在阳极和阴极的两侧分别如下：10％，30％，50％，70％和90％。因此，L 4，L 5，L 3和L 1）和（L 1，L 1，L 5和L 4）分别表示阴极的相对湿度，阴极的GDL孔隙率，温度和压力RH = 0％和100％，最佳水平为（L 5，L 5，L 5和L 4）和（L 1，L 5，L 1和L4）对于阳极的相对湿度，阳极的GDL孔隙率，温度和压力，分别。因此，发现对于阳极RH ＝ 0％，阳极RH ＝ 100％，阴极RH ＝ 0％和阴极RH ＝ 100％，最佳组合的最大功率密度分别为0.727、0.725、0.135和0.111。