Extensive and complex links exist between transposable elements (TEs) and satellite DNA (satDNA), which are the two largest fractions of eukaryotic genome. These relationships have a crucial effect on genome structure, function and evolution. Here, we report a novel case of mutual relationships between TEs and satDNA. In the genomes of Chenopodium s. str. species, the deletion derivatives of tnp2 conserved domain of the newly discovered CACTA-like TE Jozin are involved in generating monomers of the most abundant satDNA family of the Chenopodium satellitome. The analysis of the relative positions of satDNA and different TEs utilizing assembled Illumina reads revealed several associations between satDNA arrays and the transposases of putative CACTA-like elements when an ~ 40 bp fragment of tnp2 served as the start monomer of the satDNA array. The high degree of identity of the consensus satDNA monomers of the investigated species and the tnp2 fragment (from 82.1 to 94.9%) provides evidence of the genesis of CficCl-61-40 satDNA family monomers from analogous regions of their respective parental elements. The results were confirmed via molecular genetic methods and Oxford Nanopore sequencing. The discovered phenomenon leads to the continuous replenishment of species genomes with new identical satDNA monomers, which in turn may increase species satellitomes similarity.

中文翻译：

---

转座子和卫星DNA：在藜属基因组中主要卫星DNA家族的起源。

转座元件（TEs）和卫星DNA（satDNA）之间存在广泛而复杂的联系，而转基因是真核生物基因组的两个最大部分。这些关系对基因组结构，功能和进化具有至关重要的作用。在这里，我们报告了TE与satDNA之间相互关系的一种新情况。在藜属的基因组中。海峡 物种，新发现的类似CACTA的TE Jozin的tnp2保守结构域的缺失衍生物参与了藜苜蓿（Chenopodium satellitome）最丰富的satDNA家族的单体生成。利用组装的Illumina读数对satDNA和不同TE的相对位置进行分析，发现当tnp2的〜40 bp片段作为satDNA阵列的起始单体时，satDNA阵列与推定的CACTA样元件的转座酶之间存在多种关联。研究物种的共有satDNA单体与tnp2片段的高度同一性（从82.1％到94.9％）提供了CficCl-61-40 satDNA家族单体起源于其各自亲本元件相似区域的证据。通过分子遗传学方法和牛津纳米孔测序证实了结果。发现的现象导致物种基因组不断补充新的相同satDNA单体，从而可能增加物种卫星相似性。通过分子遗传学方法和牛津纳米孔测序证实了结果。发现的现象导致物种基因组不断补充新的相同satDNA单体，从而可能增加物种卫星相似性。通过分子遗传学方法和牛津纳米孔测序证实了结果。发现的现象导致物种基因组不断补充新的相同satDNA单体，从而可能增加物种卫星相似性。