The mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, offer a unique physicochemical environment enriched with a distinct set of enzymes, metabolites and cofactors ready to be exploited for metabolic engineering. In this review, we discuss how the mitochondrion has been engineered in the traditional sense of metabolic engineering or completely bypassed for chemical production. We then describe the more recent approach of harnessing the mitochondria to compartmentalize engineered metabolic pathways, including for the production of alcohols, terpenoids, sterols, organic acids and other valuable products. We explain the different mechanisms by which mitochondrial compartmentalization benefits engineered metabolic pathways to boost chemical production. Finally, we discuss the key challenges that need to be overcome to expand the applicability of mitochondrial engineering and reach the full potential of this emerging field.

中文翻译：

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¡ Viva la mitochondria!：利用酵母线粒体进行化学生产。

线粒体，通常被称为细胞的动力源，提供独特的物理化学环境，富含一组独特的酶、代谢物和辅助因子，可用于代谢工程。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了线粒体是如何在传统的代谢工程意义上被设计的，或者是如何完全绕过化学生产的。然后，我们描述了利用线粒体来划分工程代谢途径的最新方法，包括用于生产醇类、萜类化合物、甾醇、有机酸和其他有价值的产品。我们解释了线粒体区室化有利于工程代谢途径以促进化学产量的不同机制。最后，