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Toxicity and trophic transfer of polyethylene microplastics from Poecilia reticulata to Danio rerio.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140217
Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo 1 , Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira 1 , Guilherme Malafaia 1
Affiliation  

The potential transfer of microplastics (MPs) between vertebrates belonging to the same taxonomic group, and the impact of such a transfer on higher trophic levels remains little explored. An experimental food chain with two fish species was installed to test the hypothesis that polyethylene MPs (PE MPs) can accumulate in animals and cause behavioral, mutagenic and cytotoxic changes at upper trophic levels. Poecilia reticulata fry were exposed to MPs for 48 h and, subsequently, offered (as food) to Danio rerio adults for 10 days to simulate an upper level food chain. PE MPs quantification in fry and in different Danio rerio tissues evidenced their accumulation at the two assessed trophic levels. This finding suggested their absorption, adherence and translocation from one organism to another. The accumulation seen in D. rerio directly exposed to MPs was associated with behavioral disorders at upper trophic level. These animals presented behavior suggestive of anti-predatory response deficit when they were confronted with a potential aquatic predator (Geophagus brasiliensis). This finding was inferred through lower school cohesion, shallower school depth and shorter distance from the potential predator. In addition, animals exposed to MPs recorded higher nuclear abnormality rates and changes in the size and shape of erythrocytes and in their nuclei; this outcome has suggested mutagenic and cytotoxic effects, respectively. Based on the current results, MPs are transferred through a food chain that only involves two vertebrates. MPs enter the vertebrates' organs, change their behavior and induce mutagenic and cytotoxic processes in animals, which can cause significant ecological consequences in freshwater ecosystems.



中文翻译:

聚乙烯微塑料从Poecilia reticulata到Danio rerio的毒性和营养转移。

属于同一生物分类群的脊椎动物之间潜在的微塑料(MPs)转移,以及这种转移对较高营养水平的影响仍然很少被探索。安装了具有两种鱼类的实验性食物链,以检验聚乙烯MP(PE MP)可以在动物体内积聚并在营养级别较高时引起行为,诱变和细胞毒性变化的假说。将Poecilia reticulata鱼苗暴露于MP中48小时,随后将其作为食物提供给Danio rerio成虫10天,以模拟上层食物链。炸鱼和不同Danio rerio中的PE MP定量组织证明了它们在两个评估的营养水平上的积累。这一发现表明它们从一种生物体到另一种生物体的吸收,粘附和易位。直接暴露于MPs的D. rerio中的积累与较高营养级的行为障碍有关。这些动物在面对潜在的水生捕食者时,表现出暗示反掠食性反应缺陷的行为(巴西乳pha)。这一发现是通过较低的学校凝聚力,较浅的学校深度和与潜在掠食者的距离较短来推断的。此外,暴露于MPs的动物的核异常率更高,并且红细胞及其核的大小和形状也有所变化。该结果分别提示了诱变作用和细胞毒性作用。根据目前的结果,国会议员通过一条只涉及两个脊椎动物的食物链转移。MPs进入脊椎动物的器官,改变其行为并诱发动物的诱变和细胞毒性过程,这可能对淡水生态系统造成重大的生态后果。

更新日期:2020-07-02
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