Abstract We explore the production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a stream surrounded by rich premixed laminar H 2 /air flames using a feedstock containing ethanol and ferrocene. The as-produced nanomaterials were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A formation window of equivalence ratios of 1.00–1.20 was identified, and single-walled CNT bundles with individual CNTs of an average diameter of 1 nm were observed. The formation of CNTs was accompanied by the production of highly crystalline Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles of a size of 20–100 nm. The investigation of the limiting factors for the CNT synthesis was carried out systematically, assisted by numerical modelling. We conclude that the key factors affecting CNT synthesis are the surrounding flame temperatures, and the concentration of carbon available for CNT nucleation.

中文翻译：

---

在富氢/空气火焰中合成单壁碳纳米管

摘要 我们探索了使用含有乙醇和二茂铁的原料在富含预混层流 H 2 /空气火焰包围的流中生产单壁碳纳米管 (CNT)。所制备的纳米材料通过拉曼光谱、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射进行表征。确定了当量比为 1.00-1.20 的形成窗口，并观察到具有平均直径为 1 nm 的单个 CNT 的单壁 CNT 束。碳纳米管的形成伴随着尺寸为 20-100 nm 的高度结晶的 Fe 3 O 4 纳米颗粒的产生。在数值建模的辅助下，系统地进行了对 CNT 合成的限制因素的研究。