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Nitrous oxide emissions after renovation of festulolium, and mitigation potential of 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate (DMPP)
Geoderma ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114551
Khagendra R. Baral , Poul E. Lærke , Søren O. Petersen

Abstract High-yielding perennial grass can, when compared to classical grain crop production, considerably increase biomass yields per unit area in Northern European agriculture, which is important to meet the demand for biomass in a growing bioeconomy. Potential benefits for the carbon footprint will, however, depend on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the entire biomass production cycle, which includes grassland renovation at regular intervals to maintain high biomass yields. The renovation phase may accelerate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions associated with residue decomposition. This study examined the effect of renovating a six-year old festulolium (x Festulolium braunii L.) crop on N2O emissions. As a secondary objective, the study evaluated the potential for mitigating N2O emissions in spring by spraying the sward with a nitrification inhibitor containing 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) prior to cultivation. A replicated split-plot design was used, where one half of each main plot was rotovated and seeded with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as a catch crop during spring, followed by ploughing and reseeding of festulolium in the autumn. In the other half of each main plot, festulolium was left without cultivation as reference. Four subplots were defined within both cultivated plots and reference plots with (“+DMPP”) or without (“−DMPP”) DMPP spraying of festulolium before cultivation, and with (“F”) or without (“NF”) fertilisation with 119, 425 and 50 kg N ha−1 in spring barley, festulolium and re-established festulolium, respectively. All four combinations of DMPP treatment and fertilisation were represented, i.e., F+DMPP, F-DMPP, NF+DMPP and NF-DMPP. Monitoring of N2O emissions occurred in two periods, April–June (“spring”) and August-October (“autumn”). In the autumn, where festulolium was reestablished, N2O emissions were only monitored in the plots without DMPP treatment in spring, since potential legacy effects of DMPP were not part of this study. Cultivation increased N2O emissions 2.5-fold in spring, and 2-fold in autumn, compared to uncultivated plots. The N2O emissions induced by fertilisation were similar from cultivated and reference plots, and emission factors for spring barley (Apr–Jun), re-sown festulolium (Aug–Oct) and uncultivated festulolium (reference, Apr-Oct) during the monitoring periods were, respectively, 0.40, 0.42 and 0.12%. Spraying festulolium with DMPP delayed the transformation of ammonium to nitrate during spring. DMPP did not reduce N2O emissions significantly in this study. In contrast, there was an apparent interaction between decomposing residues and mineral fertiliser with respect to emissions of N2O, which is a potential GHG mitigation target.

中文翻译:

festulolium 改造后的一氧化二氮排放量和 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸酯 (DMPP) 的减排潜力

摘要 与传统粮食作物生产相比,高产多年生草可以显着提高北欧农业单位面积的生物质产量,这对于满足不断增长的生物经济中对生物质的需求非常重要。然而,碳足迹的潜在收益将取决于整个生物质生产周期中的温室气体 (GHG) 排放,其中包括定期进行草地改造以保持高生物质产量。翻新阶段可能会加速与残渣分解相关的一氧化二氮 (N2O) 排放。本研究检查了翻新 6 年生的 festulolium (x Festulolium braunii L.) 作物对 N2O 排放的影响。作为次要目标,该研究评估了通过在耕种前向草地喷洒含有 3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐 (DMPP) 的硝化抑制剂来减少春季 N2O 排放的潜力。使用重复的裂地设计,其中每个主地的一半轮作并在春季播种春大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)作为捕获作物,然后在秋季翻耕并重新播种 festulolium。在每个主地的另一半,作为参考,没有栽培的festulolium。在栽培地块和参考地块中定义了四个子地块,在栽培前喷洒 (“+DMPP”) 或不喷洒 (“-DMPP”) DMPP 的 festulolium,以及使用 (“F”) 或不使用 (“NF”) 119 施肥, 425 和 50 kg N ha−1 在春大麦、festulolium 和重建的 festulolium 中分别。代表了 DMPP 处理和施肥的所有四种组合,即 F+DMPP、F-DMPP、NF+DMPP 和 NF-DMPP。N2O 排放的监测发生在两个时期,即 4 月至 6 月(“春季”)和 8 月至 10 月(“秋季”)。在秋季重新建立 festulolium 时,仅在春季没有 DMPP 处理的地块中监测 N2O 排放,因为 DMPP 的潜在遗留影响不是本研究的一部分。与未开垦的地块相比,开垦在春季将 N2O 排放量增加了 2.5 倍,在秋季增加了 2 倍。施肥引起的 N2O 排放与栽培地块和参考地块相似,监测期间春大麦(4 月至 6 月)、重新播种的 festulolium(8 月至 10 月)和未栽培的 festulolium(参考,4 月至 10 月)的排放因子分别为,分别为 0.40、0.42 和 0.12%。用 DMPP 喷洒 festulolium 延迟了春季铵盐向硝酸盐的转化。在本研究中,DMPP 没有显着减少 N2O 排放。相比之下,在 N2O 排放方面,分解残留物和矿物肥料之间存在明显的相互作用,这是一个潜在的温室气体减排目标。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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