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Robustness of energy performance of Zero-Net-Energy (ZNE) homes
Energy and Buildings ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110251
Theo Picard , Tianzhen Hong , Na Luo , Sang Hoon Lee , Kaiyu Sun

Zero-net-energy (ZNE) homes produce an adequate amount of energy on-site to meet their energy demand based on source energy for an entire year. California building energy efficiency standards require new residential buildings started in 2020 to be ZNE. For various reasons, a home designed as ZNE may not achieve ZNE performance in real operation. This study aimed to quantify the robustness of the energy performance of ZNE homes due to weather variability, climate change, and the uncertainty of occupant behavior. A single-family ZNE house, based on the optimal cost-effective design in three California climate zones, was used to develop the EnergyPlus simulation models. Weather variations were considered from a combination of the historical 30 years’ actual meteorological year (AMY) weather data, typical year weather data in TMY3, and future weather data based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios. Three scenarios of occupant behavior from the energy perspective were defined to represent the uncertainty about occupants’ activities, comfort requirements, and their adaptive interactions with buildings and systems. In terms of annual source energy, the simulation results of the ZNE homes showed: (1) a decrease of 23–38 percent for occupants with energy austerity behavior and an increase of 120–130 percent for occupants with energy wasteful behavior, compared with the baseline assumption of normal occupants; (2) a variation range of −15 percent to +14 percent for the results using 30-year AMY weather data compared with the baseline results using TMY3 weather data; (3) an increase of 10–13 percent with future weather in Fresno and Riverside and a decrease of 15 percent with San Francisco; and (4) climate change can reduce the gap between the austerity and wasteful consumption. These findings provide insights into how ZNE homes may perform in reality and inform architects, engineers, occupants, and policymakers to pay more attention to occupant behavior on design, operation, and regulations of ZNE homes to ensure energy performance robustness.



中文翻译:

零净能源(ZNE)房屋的能源性能稳健性

零净能(ZNE)房屋在现场产生足够量的能源,可以满足全年基于源能源的能源需求。加州建筑能效标准要求2020年开始建造的新住宅建筑为ZNE。由于各种原因,设计为ZNE的房屋在实际操作中可能无法达到ZNE性能。这项研究旨在量化由于天气变化,气候变化和乘员行为的不确定性而导致的ZNE房屋能源性能的稳健性。基于三个加利福尼亚气候区最佳成本效益设计的单户ZNE住宅,用于开发EnergyPlus模拟模型。结合历史30年的实际气象年(AMY)天气数据,TMY3中的典型年份气象数据来考虑天气变化,和未来天气数据基于政府间气候变化专门委员会的情景。从能量的角度定义了三种乘员行为情景,以表示乘员活动,舒适度要求以及他们与建筑物和系统的适应性交互作用的不确定性。就年度能源而言,ZNE房屋的模拟结果显示:(1)与能源紧缩行为相比,能源紧缩行为的居住者减少了23–38%,而能源浪费行为的居民增加了120–130%。正常居住者的基线假设;(2)使用30年AMY天气数据的结果与使用TMY3天气数据的基线结果相比,变化范围为-15%至+ 14%;(3)弗雷斯诺和里弗赛德的未来天气增加了10-13%,旧金山减少了15%;(4)气候变化可以缩小紧缩与浪费消费之间的差距。这些发现为ZNE住宅在现实中的表现提供了见解,并告知建筑师,工程师,居住者和决策者要更加注意居住者在ZNE住宅的设计,运营和法规方面的行为,以确保能源性能的稳健性。

更新日期:2020-07-02
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