Abstract Blue carbon in mangroves represents one of highest values of carbon stocks per hectare, and could play an important role in climate change mitigation. In this study we estimated the carbon prices needed to promote mangrove conservation and restoration under mechanisms of payment for ecosystem services (PES). We mapped the remaining and deforested mangroves across the globe in 2017, and crossed this information with carbon stocks in the biomass and soil and with land opportunity and restoration costs. In accordance with previous studies we found that Southeast Asia holds the largest opportunities for blue carbon programs to support conservation and restoration. Conserving remaining mangroves would avoid the release of up to 15.51 PgCO2 to the atmosphere, and could be achieved at carbon prices between 3.0 and 13.0 US$ per tCO2 for 90% of remaining mangroves. Restoring mangroves can sequester up to 0.32 PgCO2 globally. Carbon prices between 4.5 and 18.0 US$ per tCO2 could support the restoration of 90% of deforested mangroves. Such prices, however, may not apply to contexts of high-profit alternative land-uses. In such contexts, the valuation of co-benefits and the combination of carbon-based mechanisms and sustainable management may be a viable pathway.

中文翻译：

---

红树林保护和恢复的成本和碳效益：全球分析

摘要 红树林中的蓝碳是每公顷碳储量的最高值之​​一，可以在减缓气候变化方面发挥重要作用。在这项研究中，我们估算了在生态系统服务付费机制 (PES) 下促进红树林保护和恢复所需的碳价格。我们在 2017 年绘制了全球剩余和被砍伐的红树林地图，并将这些信息与生物量和土壤中的碳储量以及土地机会和恢复成本进行了交叉。根据之前的研究，我们发现东南亚为支持保护和恢复的蓝碳计划提供了最大的机会。保护剩余的红树林将避免向大气中释放多达 15.51 PgCO2，并且可以以 3.0 到 13 之间的碳价实现。90% 的剩余红树林每吨二氧化碳 0 美元。恢复红树林可以在全球隔离多达 0.32 PgCO2。每吨二氧化碳 4.5 至 18.0 美元的碳价格可以支持 90% 的被砍伐的红树林的恢复。然而，这样的价格可能不适用于高利润替代土地用途的情况。在这种情况下，共同利益的评估以及基于碳的机制与可持续管理的结合可能是一个可行的途径。