Research suggests that inflammation is important in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. In addition, a growing body of evidence has led to the concept of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To understand the potential interactions, we begin by exploring the liaison between the immune system and mental disorders, then we describe the evidence that the microbiota impact the immune response in the developing brain. Next, we review the literature that has documented microbiome alterations in major mental disorders. We end with a summary of therapeutic applications, ranging from psycho-biotics to immunomodulatory drugs that could affect the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and potential treatments to alleviate the adverse effects of antipsychotics. We conclude that there is promising evidence to support the position that the microbiota plays an important role in the immunological pathophysiology of mental disorders with an emphasis on psychotic disorders and mood disorders. However, more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病中的炎症：微生物群是缺失的一环吗？

研究表明，炎症在精神障碍的病理生理学中很重要。此外，越来越多的证据导致了微生物群-肠-脑轴的概念。为了理解潜在的相互作用，我们首先探索免疫系统和精神障碍之间的联系，然后我们描述了微生物群影响发育中大脑免疫反应的证据。接下来，我们回顾了记录重大精神障碍中微生物组改变的文献。我们最后总结了治疗应用，从精神生物到可能影响微生物群-肠-脑轴的免疫调节药物，以及减轻抗精神病药物不良反应的潜在治疗方法。我们得出结论，有希望的证据支持微生物群在精神障碍的免疫病理生理学中发挥重要作用的立场，重点是精神障碍和情绪障碍。然而，需要更多的研究来阐明这些机制。