Subsidence has been adversely affecting Jharia Coalfield (JCF) for the last few decades. This study attempts to show the feasibility of the modified Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technique with C-band SAR data to investigate the slow surface deformation caused by coal mine fire and underground mining activities in JCF. Also, a multi-temporal analysis of SAR images of ENVISAT ASAR has been carried out for monitoring and mapping of temporal land subsidence of the area under study. The modified PSI technique has proven its ability to detect land subsidence over the vegetated and rural areas. It also resolves low spatial density of permanent scatterers by considering partially correlated scatterers as permanent scatterers (PSs) and extracting information from these PSs. The study has been concentrated towards detecting continuous slow rate subsidence of five major sites of JCF. The maximum rate of slow deformation among all sites is recorded as 29 mm/year with a cumulative subsidence value of 90 mm. Field validation of subsidence results obtained through PS-InSAR is correlated with the previously published report and the master plan of JCF, showing subsidence locations. Conclusively, the adopted methodology is practically feasible for detection, monitoring and mapping of slow deformation using C-band SAR data in coal mine area.

中文翻译：

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印度Jharia Coalfield使用改良型持续散射干涉合成孔径雷达对地面沉降进行测绘和监测

在过去的几十年中，沉降一直对Jharia Coalfield（JCF）产生不利影响。这项研究试图通过C波段SAR数据证明改进的持久散射体干涉合成孔径雷达（PS-InSAR）技术研究JCF中煤矿火灾和地下采矿活动引起的缓慢地表变形的可行性。此外，已对ENVISAT ASAR的SAR图像进行了多时相分析，以监测和绘制研究区域的临时地面沉降。改进的PSI技术已证明具有检测植被和农村地区地面沉降的能力。通过将部分相关的散射体视为永久散射体（PS）并从这些PS中提取信息，它还解决了永久散射体的低空间密度问题。该研究集中于检测JCF五个主要地点的连续缓慢沉降。记录的所有站点中最大的缓慢变形速率为29毫米/年，累积沉降值为90毫米。通过PS-InSAR获得的沉降结果的现场验证与先前发布的报告和JCF的总体规划相关，显示了沉降位置。最后，采用的方法对于使用煤矿区C波段SAR数据进行缓慢变形的检测，监测和制图实际上是可行的。通过PS-InSAR获得的沉降结果的现场验证与先前发布的报告和JCF的总体规划相关，显示了沉降位置。最后，采用的方法对于使用煤矿区C波段SAR数据进行缓慢变形的检测，监测和制图实际上是可行的。通过PS-InSAR获得的沉降结果的现场验证与先前发布的报告和JCF的总体规划相关，显示了沉降位置。最后，采用的方法对于使用煤矿区C波段SAR数据进行缓慢变形的检测，监测和制图实际上是可行的。