Two-dimensional responsive materials that change shape into complex three-dimensional structures are valuable for creating systems ranging from wearable electronics to soft robotics. Typically, the final 3D structure is unique and predetermined through the materials’ processing. Here, we use theory and simulation to devise a distinctive approach for driving shape changes of 2D elastic sheets in fluid-filled microchambers. The sheets are coated with catalyst to generate controllable fluid flows, which transform the sheets into complex 3D shapes. A given shape can be achieved by patterning the arrangement of the catalytic domains on the sheet and introducing the appropriate reactant to initiate a specific catalytic reaction. Moreover, a single sheet that encompasses multiple catalytic domains can be transformed into a variety of 3D shapes through the addition of one or more reactants. Materials systems that morph on-demand into a variety of distinct structures can simplify manufacturing processes and broaden the utility of soft materials.

中文翻译：

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弹性片材的化学控制形状变形

将形状改变为复杂的三维结构的二维响应材料对于创建从可穿戴电子设备到软机器人的系统非常有价值。通常，最终的3D结构是唯一的，并通过材料的处理预先确定。在这里，我们使用理论和模拟来设计一种独特的方法来驱动充满流体的微腔中2D弹性片材的形状变化。薄板涂有催化剂以产生可控的流体流，这些流体将薄板转变为复杂的3D形状。可以通过图案化片上催化域的排列并引入适当的反应物以引发特定的催化反应来获得给定的形状。此外，通过添加一种或多种反应物，可以将包含多个催化域的单张纸转变为多种3D形状。按需变形为各种不同结构的材料系统可以简化制造过程并扩大软材料的用途。