Blind persons need electronic traveling aid (ETA) solutions for better orientation and navigation in unfamiliar indoor environments, with embedded features for detection and recognition of both obstacles and desired destinations such as rooms, staircases, and elevators. Because the use of GPS for locational references is impractical indoors, the development of such navigation systems is challenging and requires a systematic review and evaluation of different technological approaches. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, we evaluated and compared current research papers that deal with the prototyping of assistive devices (visual sensory perception substitution with audio and haptic signals) for blind and visually impaired persons. We conducted an instructional assessment of selected indoor navigation prototypes using three main criteria: navigation technologies, sensors, and computer vision approaches. For the latter category, we conducted a separate systematic review, as papers in this research area primarily specialize in software computer vision solutions rather than hardware. The paper provides useful insights for researchers regarding technological instrumentation for the development of ETA solutions for blind and visually impaired (VI) persons in the field of indoor orientation and navigation.

中文翻译：

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盲人室内导航研究进展——技术仪器简述

盲人需要电子旅行辅助 (ETA) 解决方案，以便在陌生的室内环境中更好地定位和导航，并具有嵌入式功能来检测和识别障碍物和所需目的地，例如房间、楼梯和电梯。由于在室内使用 GPS 定位参考是不切实际的，因此此类导航系统的开发具有挑战性，需要对不同技术方法进行系统审查和评估。使用系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目 (PRISMA) 方法，我们评估和比较了当前涉及盲人和视障人士辅助设备原型设计（视觉感官感知用音频和触觉信号替代）的研究论文。我们使用三个主要标准对选定的室内导航原型进行了教学评估：导航技术、传感器和计算机视觉方法。对于后一类，我们进行了单独的系统审查，因为该研究领域的论文主要专注于软件计算机视觉解决方案而不是硬件。该论文为研究人员提供了有关技术仪器的有用见解，以便为室内定向和导航领域的盲人和视障 (VI) 人员开发 ETA 解决方案。因为该研究领域的论文主要专注于软件计算机视觉解决方案而不是硬件。该论文为研究人员提供了有关技术仪器的有用见解，以便为室内定向和导航领域的盲人和视障 (VI) 人员开发 ETA 解决方案。因为该研究领域的论文主要专注于软件计算机视觉解决方案而不是硬件。该论文为研究人员提供了有关技术仪器的有用见解，以便为室内定位和导航领域的盲人和视障 (VI) 人员开发 ETA 解决方案。