Clinically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm infection inevitably induces the failure of bone implants. Herein, a hydrophilic and viscous hydrogel of poly(vinyl alcohol) modified with chitosan, polydopamine, and NO release donor was formed on a red phosphorus nanofilm deposited on a titanium implant (Ti-RP/PCP/RSNO). Under the irradiation of near-infrared light (NIR), peroxynitrite (^•ONOO^–) was formed by the reaction between the released NO and superoxide (^•O₂^–) produced by the RP nanofilm. Specifically, we revealed the antibacterial mechanism of the ONOO^– against the MRSA biofilm. In addition, osteogenic differentiation was promoted and inflammatory polarization was regulated by the released NO without NIR irradiation through upregulating the expression of Opn and Ocn genes and TNF-α. The MRSA biofilm was synergistically eradicated by ^•ONOO^–, hyperthermia, and ^•O^2– under NIR irradiation as well as the immunoreaction of the M1 polarization. The in vivo results also confirmed the excellent osteogenesis and biofilm eradication by released NO from the RP/PCP/RSNO system under NIR irradiation, indicating the noninvasive tissue reconstruction of MRSA-infected tissues through phototherapy and immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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近红外光触发光疗和免疫疗法可消除耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜对骨植入物的感染。

在临床上，耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）生物膜感染不可避免地会导致骨植入物失效。在此，在沉积于钛植入物（Ti-RP / PCP / RSNO）上的红磷纳米膜上形成了用壳聚糖，聚多巴胺和NO释放供体改性的聚乙烯醇的亲水性和粘性水凝胶。下的近红外光（NIR）的照射，过氧化亚硝酸盐（^• ONOO ^- ）通过放出的NO和之间的反应形成的超氧化物（^• ö ₂ ^- ）由RP纳米膜制造。具体来说，我们揭示了ONOO的抗菌机制^–对抗MRSA生物膜。另外，通过上调Opn和Ocn基因和TNF-α的表达，促进了成骨细胞的分化，并通过在没有近红外辐射的情况下释放的NO来调节炎症极化。在近红外辐射以及M1极化的免疫反应下，^• ONOO ^–，热疗和^• O ^{2 –}协同消除了MRSA生物膜。该体内结果也证实良好的骨生成和生物膜根除由放出的NO的从RP / PCP / RSNO NIR照射下系统，指示通过光疗和免疫治疗MRSA感染的组织的非侵入性组织重建。