Sodium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention for cost-effective and large-scale electric energy storage. However, their practical deployment has been largely retarded by the lack of choice of efficient anode materials featuring large capacity and electrochemical stability and robustness. Herein, we report a durian-inspired design and template-free fabrication of a robust sodium anode based on triangular pyramid arrays of Bi_0.75Sb_0.25 alloy electrodeposited on Cu substrates. The Bi_0.75Sb_0.25 arrays exhibit an appreciable electrochemical robustness for sodium storage, sustaining a reversible capability 335 mAh g^–1 at a high rate of 2.5 A g^–1 and 87% of the initial capacity over 2000 cycles. We further demonstrate the applicability of the Bi_0.75Sb_0.25 array anode in sodium full cells by pairing it with a Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C cathode. This full cell achieves a high specific energy of 203 Wh kg^–1 (based on both active electrodes). Such an enhanced performance is attributed to the thorny-durian-like architecture and bimetallic alloy composition. The pyramid tip induces ion enrichment for rapid charge-transfer reaction, while the alloy design reduces the electrode volume swelling for stable Na cycling.

中文翻译：

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榴莲启发的铋锑合金阵列设计，用于坚固的钠存储。

钠离子电池在具有成本效益的大规模电能存储方面已引起广泛关注。然而，由于缺乏选择具有大容量以及电化学稳定性和鲁棒性的有效阳极材料的选择，它们的实际应用受到了很大的阻碍。在这里，我们报道了基于电沉积在Cu衬底上的Bi _0.75 Sb _0.25合金的三角金字塔阵列的坚固的钠阳极的榴莲启发设计和无模板制造。Bi _0.75 Sb _0.25阵列在钠存储方面表现出明显的电化学强度，在2.5 A g ^–1的高速率下可维持335 mAh g ^–1的可逆容量。在2000次循环中占初始容量的87％。通过与Na ₃ V ₂（PO ₄）₃ / C阴极配对，我们进一步证明Bi _0.75 Sb _0.25阵列阳极在钠满电池中的适用性。该充满电的电池可实现203 Wh kg ^–1的高比能（基于两个有源电极）。这种增强的性能归因于棘手的榴莲状结构和双金属合金成分。金字塔形尖端可引起离子富集，从而快速进行电荷转移反应，而合金设计则可减少电极体积膨胀，从而实现稳定的Na循环。