This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of oregano and clove essential oils and their main components (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) against Penicillium digitatum, as well as against isolates of Penicillium italicum and Geotrichum candidum resistant to imazalil or guazatine, respectively. In vitro tests were conducted by a direct contact method on potato dextrose agar medium. The results indicated that the essential oils and their main components were effective in inhibiting fungal growth, with thymol displaying the highest efficacy. The antifungal activity of thymol was evaluated further on orange fruit infected experimentally with a suspension of spores of P. digitatum, G. candidum or a mixture of both fungi, using isolates resistant to chemical fungicides. Treatment of the oranges with the thymol solutions reduced or totally inhibited the development of fruit decay, depending on the thymol concentration used. These essential oils and their main components demonstrated a strong antifungal effect against Penicillium spp. and G. candidum resistant to chemical fungicides. They may have potential as active compounds for the formulation of natural preparations to use as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of green, blue and sour rot in citrus fruit.

这项研究旨在评估牛至和丁香精油及其主要成分（百里香酚，香芹酚和丁子香酚）对指状青霉的抗真菌活性，以及对意大利青霉和白色念珠菌的伊马沙利或guazatine的耐药性。通过直接接触法对马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基进行体外测试。结果表明，精油及其主要成分可有效抑制真菌的生长，百里酚的功效最高。百里香酚的抗真菌活性被进一步评估，以橙色实验结果感染了指状假单胞菌假丝酵母孢子的橙色水果。或两种真菌的混合物，使用对化学杀真菌剂具有抗性的分离物。百里香酚溶液对橙子的处理减少或完全抑制了果实腐烂的发展，具体取决于所用百里酚的浓度。这些精油及其主要成分对青霉菌具有很强的抗真菌作用。和白地耐化学杀菌剂。它们可能具有潜在的活性成分，可用于配制天然制剂，用作合成杀真菌剂的替代品，用于管理柑桔中的绿色，蓝色和酸性腐烂。