Abstract Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that accounts for recalcitrant device-related infections worldwide. Owing to the growing interest in plants and their secondary metabolites targeting bacterial adhesion, this study was intended to uncover the anti-biofilm potential of Hemidesmus indicus and its major constituent 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB) against SE. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of H. indicus root extract and HMB were found to be 500 and 250 µg ml−1, respectively. The results of time-dependent biofilm inhibition and mature biofilm disruption assays confirmed that HMB targets initial cell adhesion. Furthermore, interference by HMB in the expression of adhesin genes (icaA, aap and bhp) and biofilm components was associated with an increased susceptibility of SE to oxidative stress and antibiotics. To conclude, this study reports for the first time HMB as a potential drug against SE biofilms.

中文翻译：

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来自 Hemidesmus indicus 的 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde 对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成有拮抗作用

摘要 表皮葡萄球菌 (SE) 是一种机会性院内病原体，它是世界范围内与器械相关的顽固性感染的原因。由于对植物及其靶向细菌粘附的次生代谢物的兴趣日益浓厚，本研究旨在揭示 Hemidesmus indicus 及其主要成分 2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛 (HMB) 对 SE 的抗生物膜潜力。H. indicus 根提取物和 HMB 的最小生物膜抑制浓度 (MBIC) 分别为 500 和 250 µg ml-1。时间依赖性生物膜抑制和成熟生物膜破坏试验的结果证实 HMB 靶向初始细胞粘附。此外，HMB 干扰粘附素基因（icaA、aap 和 bhp）和生物膜成分与 SE 对氧化应激和抗生素的敏感性增加有关。总而言之，这项研究首次报道了 HMB 作为一种潜在的抗 SE 生物膜药物。