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Seasonal Dynamics of Pelagic Mycoplanktonic Communities: Interplay of Taxon Abundance, Temporal Occurrence, and Biotic Interactions.
Frontiers in Microbiology ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 , DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01305
Stefanos Banos 1 , Deisy Morselli Gysi 2, 3, 4 , Tim Richter-Heitmann 5 , Frank Oliver Glöckner 6, 7, 8 , Maarten Boersma 9, 10 , Karen H Wiltshire 9, 11 , Gunnar Gerdts 9 , Antje Wichels 9 , Marlis Reich 1
Affiliation  

Marine fungi are an important component of pelagic planktonic communities. However, it is not yet clear how individual fungal taxa are integrated in marine processes of the microbial loop and food webs. Most likely, biotic interactions play a major role in shaping the fungal community structure. Thus, the aim of our work was to identify possible biotic interactions of mycoplankton with phytoplankton and zooplankton groups and among fungi, and to investigate whether there is coherence between interactions and the dynamics, abundance and temporal occurrence of individual fungal OTUs. Marine surface water was sampled weekly over the course of 1 year, in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland in the German Bight (North Sea). The mycoplankton community was analyzed using 18S rRNA gene tag-sequencing and the identified dynamics were correlated to environmental data including phytoplankton, zooplankton, and abiotic factors. Finally, co-occurrence patterns of fungal taxa were detected with network analyses based on weighted topological overlaps (wTO). Of all abundant and persistent OTUs, 77% showed no biotic relations suggesting a saprotrophic lifestyle. Of all other fungal OTUs, nearly the half (44%) had at least one significant negative relationship, especially with zooplankton and other fungi, or to a lesser extent with phytoplankton. These findings suggest that mycoplankton OTUs are embedded into marine food web chains via highly complex and manifold relationships such as parasitism, predation, grazing, or allelopathy. Furthermore, about one third of all rare OTUs were part of a dense fungal co-occurrence network probably stabilizing the fungal community against environmental changes and acting as functional guilds or being involved in fungal cross-feeding. Placed in an ecological context, strong antagonistic relationships of the mycoplankton community with other components of the plankton suggest that: (i) there is a top-down control by fungi on zooplankton and phytoplankton; (ii) fungi serve as a food source for zooplankton and thereby transfer nutrients and organic material; (iii) the dynamics of fungi harmful to other plankton groups are controlled by antagonistic fungal taxa.



中文翻译:

中上层浮游植物群落的季节性动态:分类群丰度,时间发生和生物相互作用的相互作用。

海洋真菌是浮游浮游生物的重要组成部分。然而,尚不清楚如何将单个真菌分类群整合到微生物环和食物网的海洋过程中。生物相互作用很可能在塑造真菌群落结构中起主要作用。因此,我们的工作目的是确定浮游植物与浮游植物和浮游动物群之间以及真菌之间可能存在的生物相互作用,并研究相互作用与个体真菌OTU的动力学,丰度和时间发生之间是否具有连贯性。在1年的时间里,每周一次在German Bight(北海)Helgoland岛附近采样海洋地表水。使用18S rRNA基因标签测序分析了浮游动物群落,并将确定的动力学与环境数据相关,包括浮游植物,浮游动物和非生物因子。最后,通过基于加权拓扑重叠(wTO)的网络分析来检测真菌类群的共现模式。在所有丰富而持久的OTU中,有77%的人没有任何生物联系,暗示着一种腐生的生活方式。在所有其他真菌OTU中,近一半(44%)至少具有一种显着的负相关性,尤其是与浮游动物和其他真菌的关系,或与浮游植物的关系较小的关系。这些发现表明,浮游生物的OTU通过高度复杂和多种关系(如寄生,捕食,放牧或化感作用)被嵌入海洋食物网链中。此外,所有稀有OTU中约有三分之一是密集的真菌共生网络的一部分,可能稳定了真菌群落抵御环境变化并充当功能协会或参与真菌交叉喂养的作用。置于生态环境中,浮游生物群落与浮游生物的其他组成部分之间强烈的拮抗关系表明:(i)真菌对浮游动物和浮游植物具有自上而下的控制;(ii)真菌是浮游动物的食物来源,从而转移养分和有机物质;(iii)拮抗真菌类群控制对其他浮游生物有害的真菌动态。置于生态环境中,浮游生物群落与浮游生物的其他组成部分之间强烈的拮抗关系表明:(i)真菌对浮游动物和浮游植物具有自上而下的控制;(ii)真菌是浮游动物的食物来源,从而转移养分和有机物质;(iii)拮抗真菌类群控制对其他浮游生物有害的真菌动态。置于生态环境中,浮游生物群落与浮游生物的其他组成部分之间强烈的拮抗关系表明:(i)真菌对浮游动物和浮游植物具有自上而下的控制;(ii)真菌是浮游动物的食物来源,从而转移养分和有机物质;(iii)拮抗真菌类群控制对其他浮游生物有害的真菌动态。

更新日期:2020-06-26
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