This research examined the correlation between the detergency of soils with varying equivalent alkane carbon numbers (EACN) and hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) values. The detergency of oily soils with EACN ranging from 5.2 to 16.6 was evaluated using C₁₀‐4PO‐SO₄Na as a primary surfactant system and a 1:1 binary mixture of C₁₀‐4PO‐SO₄Na and AOT as a confirmatory surfactant system (with 65/35 polyester/cotton at 25°C). These surfactant systems were characterized using HLD concepts which showed that C₁₀‐4PO‐SO₄Na was more hydrophilic (had a higher negative Cc value) than that of the mixed surfactant system. Detergency of the selected soils was evaluated at different salinities corresponding to HLD ranging from negative to positive values. The results showed that detergency of all soils increased with increasing salinity (starting with an HLD = −3.0 (Winsor Type I microemulsion)), reached the maximum at widely different optimum salinity (S*) but at an identical HLD value of zero (optimum Type III), and then decreased with further increasing salt levels corresponding to positive HLD values (Type II). The preferred HLD range from −3.0 to 0.0 showed detergency levels exceeding 80% removal with interfacial tension values (IFT) below 1 mN m⁻¹ for all oily soils studied. Detergency of octadecane (EACN = 18, solid at 25°C) was further conducted and demonstrated that performing detergency at HLD = −3.0 to 0.0 likewise revealed superior soil removal (over 80%) versus systems with HLD values outside this range. Thus, this work highlighted the utility of using the HLD approach in designing surfactant formulations for detergency of soils with widely varying EACN.

中文翻译：

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不同油性和固态非颗粒性土壤的去污力与亲水-亲脂性偏差的相关性

这项研究检查了具有不同等效烷烃碳数（EACN）的土壤的去污力与亲水-亲脂性偏差（HLD）值之间的相关性。用C油质污垢的与EACN范围从5.2到16.6去污力评价₁₀ -4PO-SO ₄的Na作为主要表面活性剂体系和1：C 1二元混合物₁₀ -4PO-SO ₄ Na和AOT作为表面活性剂的确证系统（在25°C下使用65/35聚酯/棉）。这些表面活性剂系统使用HLD概念进行了表征，表明C ₁₀ ‐4PO‐SO ₄Na比混合表面活性剂体系的亲水性更高（负Cc值更高）。在对应于HLD从负值到正值的不同盐度下，评估了所选土壤的去污力。结果表明，所有土壤的去污力都随着盐度的增加而增加（从HLD = -3.0（Winsor I型微乳液）开始），在不同的最佳盐度（S *）时达到最大值，但在相同的HLD值为零时（最佳） III型），然后随着盐含量的增加（对应于正HLD值）而降低（II型）。HLD的优选范围是-3.0至0.0，显示去污力超过80％，且界面张力值（IFT）低于1 mN m ^-1适用于所有研究过的油性土壤。进一步进行了十八烷的去污力（EACN = 18，在25°C时为固体），并证明与HLD值不在此范围内的系统相比，在HLD = -3.0至0.0时执行去污力同样显示出优异的去污能力（超过80％）。因此，这项工作突出了在设计表面活性剂配方以使用具有广泛变化的EACN的土壤的去污力时使用HLD方法的实用性。