Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and facilitating new ones, thereby escalating the extent and impacts of invaders. Invasions have complex and often immense long‐term direct and indirect impacts. In many cases, such impacts become apparent or problematic only when invaders are well established and have large ranges. Invasive alien species break down biogeographic realms, affect native species richness and abundance, increase the risk of native species extinction, affect the genetic composition of native populations, change native animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, and modify trophic networks. Many invasive alien species also change ecosystem functioning and the delivery of ecosystem services by altering nutrient and contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, and disturbance regimes. These biodiversity and ecosystem impacts are accelerating and will increase further in the future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these strategies are often insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia and New Zealand, biosecurity has become a national priority. There have been long‐term successes, such as eradication of rats and cats on increasingly large islands and biological control of weeds across continental areas. However, in many countries, invasions receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial to reduce the impacts of invasive alien species on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their biosecurity regulations to implement and enforce more effective management strategies that should also address other global changes that interact with invasions.

中文翻译：

---

科学家警告外来入侵物种

生物入侵是日益联系的世界和人口规模增加的全球性后果。外来入侵物种的数量——外来物种的子集在非本土地区广泛传播，影响环境或人类生计——正在增加。与其他全球变化的协同作用正在加剧当前的入侵并促进新的入侵，从而扩大入侵者的范围和影响。入侵具有复杂且通常是巨大的长期直接和间接影响。在许多情况下，只有当入侵者已经建立并具有大范围时，这种影响才会变得明显或有问题。外来入侵物种破坏生物地理领域，影响本地物种的丰富度和丰度，增加本地物种灭绝的风险，影响本地种群的遗传组成，改变本地动物行为，改变社区间的系统发育多样性，并修改营养网络。许多外来入侵物种还通过改变养分和污染物循环、水文、栖息地结构和干扰机制来改变生态系统功能和生态系统服务的提供。这些生物多样性和生态系统的影响正在加速并将在未来进一步增加。科学证据已经确定了减少未来入侵的政策战略，但这些战略往往没有得到充分实施。对于一些国家，特别是澳大利亚和新西兰，生物安全已成为国家优先事项。已经取得了长期的成功，例如在越来越大的岛屿上消灭老鼠和猫，以及对整个大陆地区的杂草进行生物控制。然而，在许多国家，入侵很少受到关注。加强国际合作对于减少外来入侵物种对生物多样性、生态系统服务和人类生计的影响至关重要。各国可以加强其生物安全法规，以实施和执行更有效的管理策略，这些策略还应解决与入侵相互作用的其他全球变化。