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Holding the ground. Alliances and defiances between scientists, policy-makers and civil society in the development of a voluntary initiative, the “4 per 1000: Soils for food security and climate”
Environmental Science & Policy ( IF 6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2020.06.008
Pierre-Marie Aubert , Rémy Ruat , Sébastien Treyer , Aleksandar Rankovic

Abstract The proliferation of multistakeholder initiatives is deemed to be a key vehicle for the implementation of international agreements for sustainable development. This is the case with the “4 per 1000: Soils for Food Security and Climate” initiative (4PM), launched in March 2015 by French Minister Stephane Le Foll, whose aim is to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks worldwide, in order to simultaneously address climate change mitigation, adaptation, and food security issues. This paper explores the knowledge dynamics at play and the role scientists played in the early development of the initiative. It shows that the strong involvement of soil scientists in the design of 4 PM, as well as in the enrolment of other stakeholders, has had a dual consequence. On the one hand, it has reinforced the initiative’s credibility by keeping most discussions at a mere technical level, considering soil organic carbon sequestration as the main (if not the sole) proxy for climate change mitigation, adaptation and food security. On the other hand, this technical approach has led the initiative to be hardly able to enrol representatives from peasant and familial agricultures, who have criticized the absence of clear definitions of the type of agricultural models the 4 PM intends to promote. We show that this has had detrimental consequences on the results of the 4 PM initiative, and we discuss the implications both for the framing of voluntary multistakeholder initiatives and for the engagement of scientists in such settings, notably in terms of their accountability.

中文翻译:

持地。科学家、决策者和民间社会在制定一项自愿倡议“千分之四:粮食安全和气候土壤”方面的联盟和反抗

摘要 多利益相关方倡议的激增被认为是实施可持续发展国际协议的关键工具。法国部长 Stephane Le Foll 于 2015 年 3 月发起的“千分之四:粮食安全和气候土壤”倡议 (4PM) 就是这种情况,其目的是增加全球土壤有机碳 (SOC) 储量,以便同时解决气候变化减缓、适应和粮食安全问题。本文探讨了正在发挥作用的知识动态以及科学家在该计划的早期发展中所发挥的作用。它表明土壤科学家在 4 PM 的设计以及其他利益相关者的注册中的大力参与产生了双重后果。一方面,它通过将大多数讨论仅停留在技术层面,将土壤有机碳固存视为减缓、适应和粮食安全的主要(如果不是唯一的)代理,增强了该倡议的可信度。另一方面,这种技术方法导致该倡议几乎无法招募来自农民和家庭农业的代表,他们批评下午 4 点打算推广的农业模式类型缺乏明确定义。我们表明这对下午 4 点倡议的结果产生了不利影响,我们讨论了对自愿多利益相关方倡议的框架和科学家在这种情况下参与的影响,特别是在他们的问责制方面。将土壤有机碳固存视为缓解气候变化、适应和粮食安全的主要(如果不是唯一的话)代理。另一方面,这种技术方法导致该倡议几乎无法招募来自农民和家庭农业的代表,他们批评下午 4 点打算推广的农业模式类型缺乏明确定义。我们表明这对下午 4 点倡议的结果产生了不利影响,我们讨论了对自愿多利益相关方倡议的框架和科学家在这种情况下参与的影响,特别是在他们的问责制方面。将土壤有机碳固存视为缓解气候变化、适应和粮食安全的主要(如果不是唯一的话)代理。另一方面,这种技术方法导致该倡议几乎无法招募来自农民和家庭农业的代表,他们批评下午 4 点打算推广的农业模式类型缺乏明确定义。我们表明这对下午 4 点倡议的结果产生了不利影响,我们讨论了对自愿多利益相关方倡议的框架和科学家在这种情况下参与的影响,特别是在他们的问责制方面。这种技术方法导致该倡议几乎无法招募来自农民和家庭农业的代表,他们批评下午 4 点打算推广的农业模式类型缺乏明确定义。我们表明这对下午 4 点倡议的结果产生了不利影响,我们讨论了对自愿多利益相关方倡议的框架和科学家在这种情况下参与的影响,特别是在他们的问责制方面。这种技术方法导致该倡议几乎无法招募来自农民和家庭农业的代表,他们批评下午 4 点打算推广的农业模式类型缺乏明确定义。我们表明这对下午 4 点倡议的结果产生了不利影响,我们讨论了对自愿多利益相关方倡议的框架和科学家在这种情况下参与的影响,特别是在他们的问责制方面。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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