Acacia albida, Acacia luederitzii, and Acacia tortilis are dominant acacia species in Botswana and have the potential to rehabilitate the heavy metal degraded environment. To establish this claim, experiments to assess the influence of mycorrhizal inoculation and fly ash amendments on the survival, growth and heavy metal accumulation of these species in mine tailings were conducted. A two-factor (AM inoculation × fly ash) in CRD was done on each of the three Acacia species consisting of four treatments: control (no mycorrhizal, no fly ash coded as − AM/− FA), with mycorrhizal but no fly ash (+ AM/− FA), no mycorrhizal but with fly ash (− AM/+ FA), and with mycorrhizal and with fly ash (+ AM/+ FA). After 24 weeks, results showed that the survival and dry matter yield of all Acacia species were enhanced by 10% with fly ash amendments. However, mycorrhiza inoculation alone improved the survival of A. albida and A. luederitzii but reduced that of the A. tortilis in mine tailings. Fly ash amendments increased the pH of the mine tailings, reduced the availability of Cu, Ni, Pb, Mn and Zn and consequently reduced the concentration of these metals in shoots. On the other hand, it increased the availability of As in the mine tailings. In addition, mycorrhizal inoculation reduced the concentration of these metals in shoots regardless of fly ash amendments. Overall, combined mycorrhizal inoculation and fly ash amendment enhanced the establishment of A. luederitzii in heavy metal-contaminated soils by reducing the heavy metal availability and metal uptake, thus increasing the survival and dry matter yield of plants.

相思树，相思树和墨西哥相思是博茨瓦纳的主要相思树种，具有恢复重金属退化环境的潜力。为了证明这一点，进行了实验，以评估菌根接种和粉煤灰改良剂对矿山尾矿中这些物种的存活，生长和重金属​​积累的影响。在三种相思树种的每一种上，在CRD中进行了两因素处理（AM接种×粉煤灰）：四种处理：对照（​​无菌根，无粉煤灰编码为-AM /-FA），具有菌根但无粉煤灰（+ AM /-FA），无菌根，但有粉煤灰（-AM / + FA），有菌根和粉煤灰（+ AM / + FA）。24周后，结果表明，使用粉煤灰改良剂可使所有相思树种的存活率和干物质产量提高10％。但是，单独接种菌根可以提高患者的生存率。A. albida和A. luederitzii，但减少了矿山尾矿中A. tortilis的生物。粉煤灰改良剂增加了矿山尾矿的pH，降低了铜，镍，铅，锰和锌的利用率，因此降低了枝条中这些金属的浓度。另一方面，它增加了尾矿中砷的利用率。此外，菌根接种降低了芽中这些金属的浓度，而与粉煤灰的改良剂无关。总体而言，菌根接种和粉煤灰改良剂相结合，通过减少重金属的可利用性和金属的吸收，提高了重金属污染土壤中芦苇的形成，从而提高了植物的存活率和干物质产量。