Accurate evaluation of the underwater radiated noise under the snorkel operating condition is critical as submarines are frequently exposed to danger under this condition. In this article, the procedures of an integrated simulation to estimate the flow-induced noise considering the submarine operating condition are described. These procedures evaluate both the bubble noise from breaking waves occurring at the free surface and turbulent flow noise from the underwater flow field. To simulate the flow field around a submarine, a two-phase hydrodynamic analysis based on the modified volume-of-fluid model, including air entrainment, was performed. The results of the free-surface shape and activated regions of air entrainment were compared with the experimental observations and showed very good agreement. The hydrodynamic results, including the rate of air entrainment and flow-field data, were applied to the bubble noise model and the permeable forms of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation to calculate the flow-induced noise of the submarine. Further, the numerical results of the flow-induced noise were validated through a comparison with the experimental result obtained at the large cavitation tunnel in Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering. The result reveals that bubble noise dominated below 500 Hz, whereas turbulent flow noise dominated above 500 Hz. Finally, the estimation of the underwater radiated noise of the flow-induced noise under the far-field condition was performed. The developed procedures can be effectively used to analyze the flow-induced noise from a submarine under snorkel condition and indicate its usability through the quantitative assessment tool in the design stage or risk management of a submarine.

中文翻译：

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通气管条件下潜艇流动噪声综合分析

在呼吸管操作条件下准确评估水下辐射噪声至关重要，因为潜艇在这种条件下经常暴露在危险中。在本文中，描述了考虑潜艇运行条件的集成模拟过程，以估计流动引起的噪声。这些程序评估了自由表面发生的破碎波产生的气泡噪声和水下流场产生的湍流噪声。为了模拟潜艇周围的流场，基于改进的流体体积模型（包括空气夹带）进行了两相流体动力学分析。自由表面形状和空气夹带激活区域的结果与实验观察进行了比较，并显示出非常好的一致性。水动力结果，包括空气夹带率和流场数据，被应用于气泡噪声模型和 Ffowcs Williams 和 Hawkings 方程的渗透形式，以计算潜艇的流致噪声。此外，通过与在韩国船舶和海洋工程研究所的大型空化隧道中获得的实验结果进行比较，验证了流动引起的噪声的数值结果。结果表明，气泡噪声在 500 Hz 以下占主导地位，而湍流噪声在 500 Hz 以上占主导地位。最后，进行了远场条件下流致噪声的水下辐射噪声的估计。