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Academic criteria for promotion and tenure in biomedical sciences faculties: cross sectional analysis of international sample of universities.
The BMJ ( IF 105.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2081
Danielle B Rice 1, 2 , Hana Raffoul 2, 3 , John P A Ioannidis 4, 5, 6, 7 , David Moher 8, 9
Affiliation  

Objective To determine the presence of a set of pre-specified traditional and non-traditional criteria used to assess scientists for promotion and tenure in faculties of biomedical sciences among universities worldwide. Design Cross sectional study. Setting International sample of universities. Participants 170 randomly selected universities from the Leiden ranking of world universities list. Main outcome measure Presence of five traditional (for example, number of publications) and seven non-traditional (for example, data sharing) criteria in guidelines for assessing assistant professors, associate professors, and professors and the granting of tenure in institutions with biomedical faculties. Results A total of 146 institutions had faculties of biomedical sciences, and 92 had eligible guidelines available for review. Traditional criteria of peer reviewed publications, authorship order, journal impact factor, grant funding, and national or international reputation were mentioned in 95% (n=87), 37% (34), 28% (26), 67% (62), and 48% (44) of the guidelines, respectively. Conversely, among non-traditional criteria, only citations (any mention in 26%; n=24) and accommodations for employment leave (37%; 34) were relatively commonly mentioned. Mention of alternative metrics for sharing research (3%; n=3) and data sharing (1%; 1) was rare, and three criteria (publishing in open access mediums, registering research, and adhering to reporting guidelines) were not found in any guidelines reviewed. Among guidelines for assessing promotion to full professor, traditional criteria were more commonly reported than non-traditional criteria (traditional criteria 54.2%, non-traditional items 9.5%; mean difference 44.8%, 95% confidence interval 39.6% to 50.0%; P=0.001). Notable differences were observed across continents in whether guidelines were accessible (Australia 100% (6/6), North America 97% (28/29), Europe 50% (27/54), Asia 58% (29/50), South America 17% (1/6)), with more subtle differences in the use of specific criteria. Conclusions This study shows that the evaluation of scientists emphasises traditional criteria as opposed to non-traditional criteria. This may reinforce research practices that are known to be problematic while insufficiently supporting the conduct of better quality research and open science. Institutions should consider incentivising non-traditional criteria. Study registration Open Science Framework ().

中文翻译:

生物医学科学系晋升和任期的学术标准:国际大学样本的横断面分析。

目的确定一组预定的传统和非传统标准的存在,这些标准用于评估科学家在全球大学中对生物医学科学院的晋升和任期的影响。设计横断面研究。设置国际大学样本。参与者从世界大学莱顿大学排名中随机选择了170所大学。主要成果衡量指标中存在五种传统(例如出版物数量)和七种非传统(例如数据共享)标准,用于评估助理教授,副教授和教授以及在具有生物医学系的机构中授予任期的准则。结果共有146家机构拥有生物医学科学学院,其中92家拥有可审查的合格指南。95%(n = 87),37%(34),28%(26),67%(62)提到了同行评审出版物,作者顺序,期刊影响因子,赠款资金以及国家或国际声誉的传统标准。 ,以及指南的48%(44)。相反,在非传统标准中,相对较普遍地仅提及了引文(26%中未提及; n = 24)和就业休假(37%; 34)。很少提及用于共享研究的替代指标(3%; n = 3)和数据共享(1%; 1),并且没有发现三个标准(在开放访问介质中发布,注册研究和遵守报告指南)。审查的所有准则。在评估晋升为全职教授的准则中,传统标准要比非传统标准报道得更多(传统标准为54.2%,非传统物品9.5%;平均差异44.8%,95%置信区间39.6%至50.0%;P = 0.001)。在各大洲之间,指南的可访问性方面存在显着差异(澳大利亚100%(6/6),北美97%(28/29),欧洲50%(27/54),亚洲58%(29/50),南美美国为17%(1/6)),在使用特定标准方面存在更多细微差异。结论本研究表明,科学家的评估强调传统标准,而不是非传统标准。这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放式科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(P = 0.001)。在各大洲之间,指南的可访问性方面存在显着差异(澳大利亚100%(6/6),北美97%(28/29),欧洲50%(27/54),亚洲58%(29/50),南美美国为17%(1/6)),在使用特定标准方面存在更多细微差异。结论这项研究表明,科学家的评估强调传统标准而不是非传统标准。这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(P = 0.001)。在各大洲之间,指南的可访问性方面存在显着差异(澳大利亚100%(6/6),北美97%(28/29),欧洲50%(27/54),亚洲58%(29/50),南美美国为17%(1/6)),在使用特定标准方面存在更多细微差异。结论这项研究表明,科学家的评估强调传统标准而不是非传统标准。这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放式科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(亚洲58%(29/50),南美17%(1/6)),但在使用特定标准方面存在更多细微差异。结论这项研究表明,科学家的评估强调传统标准而不是非传统标准。这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放式科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(亚洲58%(29/50),南美17%(1/6)),但在使用特定标准方面存在更多细微差异。结论这项研究表明,科学家的评估强调传统标准而不是非传统标准。这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架(这可能会强化已知有问题的研究实践,同时又不足以支持进行更高质量的研究和开放式科学。机构应考虑激励非传统标准。研究注册开放式科学框架()。
更新日期:2020-06-25
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