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Urine biopsy technologies: Cancer and beyond.
Theranostics ( IF 12.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-6-22 , DOI: 10.7150/thno.44634
Chun Kwan Chen 1 , Junchen Liao 1 , Man Sze Li 1 , Bee Luan Khoo 1
Affiliation  

Since the discovery of circulating tumor cells in 1869, technological advances in the study of biomarkers from liquid biopsy have made it possible to diagnose disease in a less invasive way. Although blood-based liquid biopsy has been used extensively for the detection of solid tumors and immune diseases, the potential of urine-based liquid biopsy has not been fully explored. Advancements in technologies for the harvesting and analysis of biomarkers are providing new opportunities for the characterization of other disease types. Liquid biopsy markers such as exfoliated bladder cancer cells, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and exosomes have the potential to change the nature of disease management and care, as they allow a cost-effective and convenient mode of patient monitoring throughout treatment. In this review, we addressed the advancement of research in the field of disease detection for the key liquid biopsy markers such as cancer cells, cfDNA, and exosomes, with an emphasis on urine-based liquid biopsy. First, we highlighted key technologies that were widely available and used extensively for clinical urine sample analysis. Next, we presented recent technological developments in cell and genetic research, with implications for the detection of other types of diseases, besides cancer. We then concluded with some discussions on these areas, emphasizing the role of microfluidics and artificial intelligence in advancing point-of-care applications. We believe that the benefits of urine biopsy provide diagnostic development potential, which will pave opportunities for new ways to guide treatment selections and facilitate precision disease therapies.

中文翻译:

尿液活检技术:癌症及以后。

自1869年发现循环肿瘤细胞以来,液体活检生物标志物研究的技术进步已使以较少侵入性的方式诊断疾病成为可能。尽管基于血液的液体活检已广泛用于实体瘤和免疫疾病的检测,但尚未充分开发基于尿液的液体活检的潜力。生物标志物的收集和分析技术的进步为表征其他疾病类型提供了新的机会。液体活检标记物,例如脱落的膀胱癌细胞,无细胞DNA(cfDNA)和外泌体,有可能改变疾病管理和护理的性质,因为它们允许在整个治疗过程中以经济有效的方式方便地进行患者监测。在这篇评论中 我们针对疾病的关键液体活检标记物(例如癌细胞,cfDNA和外泌体)的检测领域的研究进展,重点是基于尿液的液体活检。首先,我们重点介绍了广泛用于临床尿液样本分析的关键技术。接下来,我们介绍了细胞和遗传研究的最新技术进展,对检测除癌症以外的其他类型的疾病具有重要意义。然后,我们在这些领域进行了一些讨论,着重强调了微流控技术和人工智能在即时医疗应用中的作用。我们相信,尿液活检的好处提供了诊断发展的潜力,这将为新的方法提供机会,以指导治疗选择和促进精确的疾病治疗。
更新日期:2020-06-25
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