Protein content (PC) and oil content (OC) are important breeding traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping for PC and OC is important for molecular breeding in soybean; however, the negative correlation between PC and OC influences the accuracy of QTL mapping. In the current study, a four-way recombinant inbred lines (FW-RILs) population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross (Kenfeng14 × Kenfeng15) × (Heinong48 × Kenfeng19) was planted in eight different environments and PC and OC measured. Conditional and unconditional QTL analyses were carried out by interval mapping (IM) and inclusive complete IM based on linkage maps of 275 simple sequences repeat markers in a FW-RILs population. This analysis revealed 59 unconditional QTLs and 52 conditional QTLs among the FW-RILs. An analysis of additive effects indicated that the effects of 13 protein QTLs were not related to OC, whereas OC affected the expression of 13 and eight QTLs either partially or completely, respectively. Eight QTLs affecting OC were not influenced by PC, whereas six and 26 QTLs were partially and fully affected by PC, respectively. Among the QTLs detected in the current study, two protein QTLs and five oil QTLs had not been previously reported. These findings will facilitate marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding of soybean.

蛋白质含量（PC）和油脂含量（OC）是大豆的重要育种特性[ Glycine max（L.）Merr。]。PC和OC的数量性状基因座（QTL）作图对大豆分子育种很重要。但是，PC和OC之间的负相关会影响QTL映射的准确性。在当前的研究中，在八个不同的环境中种植了包含160个品系的四向重组自交系（FW-RILs），这些品系来自杂交（Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15）×（Heinong48×Kenfeng19），并测量了PC和OC。基于间隔图（IM）和包含完整IM的条件和无条件QTL分析是基于FW-RILs人群中275个简单序列重复标记的连锁图。该分析揭示了FW-RIL中的59个无条件QTL和52个有条件QTL。对加性效应的分析表明，13个蛋白质QTL的效应与OC无关，而OC分别部分或完全影响13个和8个QTL的表达。八个影响OC的QTL不受PC的影响，而六个和26个QTL分别受到PC的部分和完全影响。在本研究中检测到的QTL中，先前未报告过两个蛋白质QTL和五个油性QTL。这些发现将有助于大豆的标记辅助选择和分子育种。