Piezoresistive strain sensors dominate the field of soft elastomer sensors, with many interesting findings and applications. Nevertheless, the methods of characterizing the performance of the sensor differ in each study, leading to different conclusions and making comparison of the different sensor systems challenging. In this Review, the most important methods for characterization of the sensor response are being presented and some cases of elastomer strain sensors are being highlighted. Furthermore, the different materials options for elastomer strain sensors are shown, with special sections for the rapidly growing fields of additive manufacturing and 3D printing. In addition to the material choices and testing methods, different applications of strain sensors are presented. From the biomedical field, these soft sensors find applications in wearable devices, vital sign monitoring, and rehabilitation assistive devices. In soft robotics, they can be used in monitoring and controlling the function of soft robot and actuation systems, a function that can aid with feedback control, increasing the efficiency of the robot’s function. Last but not least, in combination with the emerging self-healing materials, elastomer strain sensors can be used for monitoring the integrity of materials and structures.

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基于压阻弹性体的复合应变传感器及其应用

压阻应变传感器在软质弹性体传感器领域占据主导地位，具有许多有趣的发现和应用。然而，在每个研究中，表征传感器性能的方法各不相同，从而得出不同的结论，并使不同传感器系统的比较具有挑战性。在本综述中，介绍了表征传感器响应的最重要方法，并着重介绍了弹性体应变传感器的某些情况。此外，还显示了弹性体应变传感器的不同材料选项，其中有特殊的部分用于快速发展的增材制造和3D打印领域。除了材料选择和测试方法外，还介绍了应变传感器的不同应用。在生物医学领域，这些软传感器可用于可穿戴设备，生命体征监测和康复辅助设备。在软机器人中，它们可以用于监视和控制软机器人和驱动系统的功能，该功能可以帮助进行反馈控制，从而提高了机器人功能的效率。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，与新兴的自愈材料结合使用，弹性体应变传感器可用于监测材料和结构的完整性。