Abstract The ground electrode of spark plugs are assembled to a steel shell through a resistance braze-welding technique. Two types of currents can be used in that aim: AC or DC. Based on the current type, two different kinds of models were built. The first one is a 3-D magnetodynamic-thermal model, specially suited for AC current. The magnetodynamic and thermal FE analyses are weakly coupled to calculate the temperature distribution during the process. For the second model dedicated to DC currents, the temperature distribution during the process is obtained through a fully coupled 3-D electrokinetic-thermal modeling. The temperature distributions are then used to simulate the mechanical phenomena. The results of the different models are compared. The effects on the welded zone of the frequency (50 Hz and 5000 Hz), the regulation mode (current or voltage), and the spacing between copper and Inconel 601 coating are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

铜 Inconel 601 接地电极与钢壳电阻钎焊组件的数值模拟

摘要 火花塞的接地电极通过电阻钎焊技术组装在钢壳上。两种类型的电流可用于该目的：交流或直流。基于当前的类型，构建了两种不同的模型。第一个是 3-D 磁动力-热模型，特别适用于交流电流。磁动力和热有限元分析弱耦合以计算过程中的温度分布。对于专用于 DC 电流的第二个模型，过程中的温度分布是通过完全耦合的 3-D 电动-热建模获得的。然后使用温度分布来模拟机械现象。比较不同模型的结果。频率（50Hz和5000Hz）对焊接区的影响，