Wildlife species are harvested for a variety of purposes. This is known to drive phenotypic change, particularly in the context of exploitative harvesting. As the impact of invasive alien species grows, and new conflicts with nuisance species arise, management of these problematic species has emerged as a key topic. Yet there is little to no attention directed to whether and how species are changing as a consequence of lethal control, particularly in terms of their behavior. In this synthesis, we draw attention to the fact that nuisance and invasive species undergoing control are likely to exhibit behavioral change. First, we highlight the potential consequences of behavioral responses to control on species’ management and ecological impact. Second, we provide a framework of mechanisms that can lead to behavioral responses to lethal control. Three categories are described: evolutionary mechanisms, cognitive mechanisms, and stress mechanisms. Understanding which mechanism underlies a behavioral response is paramount as it allows to predict how prevalent the response will be in the population. We argue for increased monitoring of behavior by managers and more research efforts into the mechanisms of behavioral responses to novel threats in order to better predict and mitigate unforeseen and unwanted behavioral change.

中文翻译：

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入侵和滋扰脊椎动物对收获的行为反应：一个机制框架

野生动物物种的收获有多种用途。众所周知，这会推动表型变化，特别是在剥削性收获的背景下​​。随着外来​​入侵物种的影响越来越大，以及与滋扰物种的新冲突出现，对这些有问题的物种的管理已成为一个关键话题。然而，很少或根本没有关注物种是否以及如何因致命控制而发生变化，特别是在它们的行为方面。在此综合中，我们提请注意受到控制的滋扰和入侵物种可能会表现出行为改变的事实。首先，我们强调了控制物种管理和生态影响的行为反应的潜在后果。其次，我们提供了一个机制框架，可以导致对致命控制的行为反应。描述了三类：进化机制、认知机制和压力机制。了解行为反应背后的机制至关重要，因为它可以预测反应在人群中的普遍程度。我们主张加强管理人员对行为的监控，并加大对新威胁行为反应机制的研究力度，以便更好地预测和减轻不可预见和不需要的行为变化。