The numerous biological roles of NAD⁺ are organized and coordinated via its compartmentalization within cells. The spatial and temporal partitioning of this intermediary metabolite is intrinsic to understanding the impact of NAD⁺ on cellular signaling and metabolism. We review evidence supporting the compartmentalization of steady-state NAD⁺ levels in cells, as well as how the modulation of NAD⁺ synthesis dynamically regulates signaling by controlling subcellular NAD⁺ concentrations. We further discuss potential benefits to the cell of compartmentalizing NAD⁺, and methods for measuring subcellular NAD⁺ levels.

中文翻译：

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位置，位置，位置：哺乳动物细胞中 NAD+ 合成和功能的区室化。

NAD ⁺的众多生物学作用是通过其在细胞内的划分来组织和协调的。这种中间代谢物的空间和时间分配对于理解 NAD ⁺对细胞信号传导和代谢的影响是必不可少的。我们回顾了支持细胞中稳态 NAD ⁺水平划分的证据，以及 NAD ⁺合成的调节如何通过控制亚细胞 NAD ⁺浓度来动态调节信号传导。我们进一步讨论了划分 NAD ⁺对细胞的潜在益处，以及测量亚细胞 NAD ⁺水平的方法。