This paper presents the development of a multilevel optimization framework for the design and selection of departure routes, and the distribution of aircraft movements among these routes, while taking the sequence and separation requirements for aircraft on runways and along selected routes into account. The main aim of the framework is to minimize aircraft noise impact on communities around an airport, and the associated fuel consumption. The proposed framework features two consecutive steps. In the first step, for each given Standard Instrument Departure (SID), multi-objective trajectory optimization is utilized to generate a comprehensive set of possible alternative routes. The obtained set is subsequently used as input for the optimization problem in the second step. In this step, the selection of routes for each SID and the distribution of aircraft movements among these routes are optimized simultaneously. To ensure the feasibility of optimized solutions for an entire operational day, the sequence and separation requirements for aircraft on runways and along selected routes are included in this second phase. In order to address these issues, three novel techniques are developed and added to a previously developed multilevel optimization framework, viz., a runway assignment model, a conflict detection algorithm, and a rerouting technique. The proposed framework is applied to a realistic case study at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in the Netherlands, in which 599 departure flights and 13 different SIDs are considered. The optimization results show that the proposed model can offer conflict-free solutions, one of which can lead to a reduction in the number of people annoyed of up to 21%, and a reduction in fuel consumption of 8% relative to the reference case solution.

本文提出了一种用于出发路线的设计和选择，以及飞机在这些路线之间的分布分布的多层次优化框架的开发，同时考虑了飞机在跑道上和沿着选定路线的顺序和间隔要求。该框架的主要目的是最小化飞机噪声对机场周围社区的影响以及相关的燃料消耗。提议的框架具有两个连续步骤。第一步，对于每个给定的标准仪表离场（SID），利用多目标轨迹优化来生成一组全面的可能替代路线。随后，将获得的集合用作第二步中优化问题的输入。在这一步中 同时优化了每个SID的路线选择以及这些路线之间的飞机移动分布。为了确保在整个运营日内优化解决方案的可行性，在第二阶段中包括了飞机在跑道上和沿选定路线的顺序和间隔要求。为了解决这些问题，开发了三种新颖的技术并将其添加到先前开发的多级优化框架中，即，跑道分配模型，冲突检测算法和重新路由技术。拟议的框架应用于荷兰阿姆斯特丹史基浦机场的实际案例研究，其中考虑了599个出发航班和13个不同的SID。优化结果表明，所提出的模型可以提供无冲突的解决方案，其中一种方法可以使烦恼的人数减少多达21％，相对于参考案例解决方案可以减少8％的油耗。