Abstract We extend a recently developed class of uniaxial symmetric rate-independent models to simulate complex asymmetric mechanical hysteresis phenomena. The main features of the novel formulation, that allows for the evaluation of the generalized force by solving a scalar equation and employing only one history variable, are illustrated by developing two specific instances of the class, namely the Asymmetric Bilinear and Exponential Models. The former is presented to better illustrate the meaning of the quantities entering the proposed formulation; the latter, representing a more sophisticated model able to simulate a wide range of asymmetric hysteretic behaviors, is illustrated to demonstrate the potentialities of the class in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. To validate the Asymmetric Exponential Model, some experimental hysteresis loops, selected from the literature, are numerically simulated. Then, some nonlinear time history analyses are performed on a single degree of freedom mechanical system and the numerical results obtained by means of the proposed model are compared to those obtained by employing a modified version of the Bouc-Wen model.

中文翻译：

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一类用于模拟非对称机械滞后现象的单轴速率无关模型

摘要 我们扩展了最近开发的一类单轴对称速率无关模型来模拟复杂的非对称机械滞后现象。通过开发该类的两个特定实例，即非对称双线性模型和指数模型，可以通过求解标量方程并仅使用一个历史变量来评估广义力的新公式的主要特征。前者的出现是为了更好地说明进入建议配方的数量的含义；后者代表了一个更复杂的模型，能够模拟广泛的非对称滞后行为，展示了该类在准确性和计算效率方面的潜力。为了验证非对称指数模型，一些从文献中选择的实验磁滞回线进行了数值模拟。然后，对单自由度机械系统进行一些非线性时程分析，并将通过所提出的模型获得的数值结果与通过使用 Bouc-Wen 模型的修改版本获得的数值结果进行比较。