The contradiction between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil in China is prominent, and the self-sufficiency rate is less than 35%. Peanut has a very outstanding status in ensuring the security of edible oil and food. The emphasis of increasing peanut yield should be the improvement of pod yield per unit area, because the total yield of peanut has not increased as required. This is attributed to mainly two factors — low increase in the crop productivity and the competition for land for grain and cotton crops. For traditional double-seed sowing pattern, it is difficult to further increase the peanut yield due to the serious contradiction between populations and individuals and the declining population quality under high-yield conditions. Single-seed precision sowing was proven to be a new way to increase the economic coefficient (economic yield/biological yield) with the basic stability of the total biomass, which could make plants distribute evenly, reduce the competition among individuals and attain the full production potential of single plant. In order to reveal the mechanism of increasing peanut yield by single-seed precision sowing, the effects on the ontogenetic development (plant character, physiological characteristic and nutrient utilization) and population structure (population uniformity and photosynthesis, source-sink relationship and yield composition) were systematically expounded. This study reports establishment of the high-yield cultivation technology system with the key technology of single-seed precision sowing and the supporting technology of fertilizing and management. We anticipate its wider application for the improvement of peanut yield.

我国食用植物油供需矛盾突出，自给率不足35％。花生在确保食用油和食品安全方面具有非常杰出的地位。增加花生产量的重点应该是单位面积豆荚产量的提高，因为花生的总产量并未按要求增加。这主要归因于两个因素-作物生产率的低增长以及谷物和棉花作物的土地竞争。对于传统的双种子播种模式，由于群体和个体之间的严重矛盾以及高产条件下种群质量的下降，难以进一步提高花生的产量。事实证明，单种子精密播种是增加总生物量基本稳定性的经济系数（经济产量/生物产量）的新方法，这可以使植物分布均匀，减少个体之间的竞争并实现全面生产单株的潜力。为了揭示单粒精密播种增加花生产量的机理，对个体发育（植物特性，生理特性和养分利用）和种群结构（种群均匀度和光合作用，源库关系和产量构成）的影响被系统地阐述。本研究报告以单种子精播的关键技术和施肥管理的配套技术，建立了高产栽培技术体系。我们预计其将广泛用于提高花生产量。