The large-scale application of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) is limited by economic and environmental factors. Here, we prepare multi-heteroatom self-doped hierarchical porous carbon (HHPC) with a honeycomb-like structure by one-step carbonization method using high-yield and low-cost biomass silkworm excrement as a precursor. As an anode for SIB, HHPC-1100 exhibits a capacity of 331.7 mA h g⁻¹ at 20 mA g⁻¹, while it also reveals remarkable rate performance and stable long cycle capability due to its abundant pore structure and proper amount of hetero atom doping. Moreover, the synergistic effect of O, N, S, P co-doping in carbon materials on sodium ion adsorption is verified by the first-principles study, which provide a theoretical basis for the prominent electrochemical performance of the material.

钠离子电池（SIB）的大规模应用受到经济和环境因素的限制。在这里，我们以高产，低成本的生物量蚕豆粪便为原料，通过一步碳化法制备了蜂窝状结构的多杂原子自掺杂分级多孔碳（HHPC）。作为SIB的阳极，HHPC-1100在20 mA g ^-1时表现出331.7 mA h g ^-1的容量，同时由于其丰富的孔结构和适量的杂原子掺杂，它还具有显着的速率性能和稳定的长循环能力。此外，第一性原理验证了碳材料中O，N，S，P共掺杂对钠离子吸附的协同作用，为材料的优异电化学性能提供了理论基础。