Abstract The natural hormone, 17β-estradiol (E2), is a frequently detected endocrine disrupter, and its transformation into oestrone and carcinogenic catechol oestrogen quinones via degradation is a problem that must be considered when choosing wastewater bioremediation agents. In this study, the performance of immobilised functional microalgae with respect to E2 removal and degradation was investigated under repeated loadings of domestic wastewater. The wastewater treatment using the immobilised microalgae resulted in a significant enhancement of nitrogen, phosphorus, and E2 removal efficiencies, which were in the ranges 40–86 %, 26–72 %, and 85–99 %, respectively. The E2 removal pathway was inferred, and metabolisation via hydroxylation, O-methylation, glycosylation, dehydrogenation, and dicarboxylation owing to the immobilised algae cells, was theorised. Additionally, no other forms of natural oestrogens, including estrone or quinone metabolites, were detected in the metabolites. Therefore, immobilised functional microalgae at concentrations above 200 beads/mL are recommended as an effective and safe approach to restoring E2-contaminated wastewater.

中文翻译：

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重复负载下固定化功能微藻对生活污水中17β-雌二醇的去除和降解途径分析

摘要 天然激素17β-雌二醇（E2）是一种经常检测到的内分泌干扰物，其通过降解转化为雌酮和致癌的儿茶酚雌激素醌是选择废水生物修复剂时必须考虑的问题。在这项研究中，研究了固定化功能微藻在重复加载生活废水的情况下去除和降解 E2 的性能。使用固定化微藻处理废水显着提高了氮、磷和 E2 的去除效率，分别在 40-86%、26-72% 和 85-99% 的范围内。推断出 E2 去除途径，由于固定化的藻类细胞，通过羟基化、O-甲基化、糖基化、脱氢和二羧化进行代谢，被理论化了。此外，在代谢物中未检测到其他形式的天然雌激素，包括雌酮或醌代谢物。因此，建议将浓度高于 200 珠/mL 的固定化功能性微藻作为恢复 E2 污染废水的有效且安全的方法。