Abstract Particle size reduction, pelleting, and extrusion are feed processing technologies used to improve nutrient digestibility and achieve maximum pig growth performance. Particle size reduction may improve the digestibility of energy and nutrients. Digestibility of gross energy may be improved when the particle size is reduced in lupins, corn, soybean meal (SBM), field peas, barley, wheat, and sorghum. Reducing particle size in corn, sorghum, and wheat may also improve growth performance due to increased digestibility of nutrients. Particle size reduction may also reduce the production of short-chain fatty acids and improve dressing percentage. It has, however, been demonstrated that particle size reduction may result in development of ulcers and gastric keratinization. Pelleting is a hydrothermal technique that may improve palatability, reduce feed wastage, and modify structures of starch. Pelleting may improve the digestibility of gross energy in diets containing corn, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), sorghum, barley, wheat, and SBM. Digestibility of amino acids and pig growth performance may also be increased in diets containing corn, SBM, and DDGS. Extrusion may improve the digestibility of nutrients from diets containing peas, SBM, barley, corn, DDGS, sorghum, wheat, wheat bran, and potato starch. Growth performance was improved in weanling and growing-finishing pigs upon extrusion of diets containing chickpeas, wheat, or barley. However, extrusion of ingredients resulted in inconsistent effects on growth performance. Thus, more research is needed to address the impact of feed processing technologies on different diets. Optimum temperature and pressure for pelleting and extrusion of feed ingredients must also be addressed to maximize the beneficial effect of thermal treatments.

中文翻译：

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粒径减小、制粒和挤压对猪饲料成分和日粮营养价值的影响：综述

摘要 粉碎、制粒和挤压是用于提高养分消化率和实现猪的最大生长性能的饲料加工技术。减小颗粒尺寸可以提高能量和营养物质的消化率。当羽扇豆、玉米、豆粕 (SBM)、豌豆、大麦、小麦和高粱中的颗粒尺寸减小时，总能量的消化率可能会提高。降低玉米、高粱和小麦的粒径也可以提高生长性能，因为营养物质的消化率增加。减小颗粒尺寸还可以减少短链脂肪酸的产生并提高调味率。然而，已经证明粒径减小可能导致溃疡和胃角化的发展。制粒是一种可以提高适口性的水热技术，减少饲料浪费，改变淀粉结构。制粒可以提高含有玉米、含可溶物的干酒糟 (DDGS)、高粱、大麦、小麦和 SBM 的日粮总能量的消化率。含有玉米、SBM 和 DDGS 的日粮还可以提高氨基酸的消化率和猪的生长性能。挤压可以提高含有豌豆、SBM、大麦、玉米、DDGS、高粱、小麦、麦麸和马铃薯淀粉的日粮中营养物质的消化率。挤出含有鹰嘴豆、小麦或大麦的日粮后，断奶和生长育肥猪的生长性能得到改善。然而，成分的挤压导致对生长性能的影响不一致。因此，需要更多的研究来解决饲料加工技术对不同饮食的影响。