Given the current lack of understanding of brain volume changes caused by HIV infection, this study aimed to longitudinally assess the changes in regional brain tissue volume following HIV infection and to explore its relationship with peripheral blood absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count (CD4+), the percentage of monocytes in plasma(MON%) and cerebrospinal fluid viral load (CFVL).Four adult male rhesus monkeys were examined in healthy status and following infection with simian immunodeficiency virus using high-resolution 3D T1-weighted sagittal whole brain magnetic resonance imaging. DPABI and SPM were used to process and record changes in brain tissue volume. Correlation analyses were then used to explore the above relationships. Compared with brain tissue volume during the healthy stage, there was no change at 12 and 24 weeks postinoculation (12 wpi, 24 wpi). At 36 wpi, 48 wpi, and 60 wpi, basal ganglia, left inferior temporal gyrus, left occipital gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus exhibited varying degrees of atrophy. There was no association found between CD4+, MON%, CFVL, and brain volume loss in any brain region. Our research demonstrated that in the early stage of HIV infection, local brain tissue atrophy can be demonstrated by MRI technique; furthermore, MRI can identify the earliest site of atrophy as well as the most severely affected site. Although there was no significant correlation between brain tissue volume loss and CD4+, MON%, and CFVL, our findings provided some evidence in the application of volumetric MR imaging in the early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of patients with HIV infection.

鉴于目前对由HIV感染引起的脑容量变化缺乏了解，本研究旨在纵向评估HIV感染后局部脑组织体积的变化，并探讨其与外周血CD4 +淋巴细胞绝对计数（CD4 +），血浆中单核细胞百分比（MON％）和脑脊髓液病毒载量（CFVL）的关系。使用高分辨率3D T1加权矢状全脑磁共振成像技术检查了猴子的健康状况和猿猴免疫缺陷病毒感染后的状况。DPABI和SPM用于处理和记录脑组织体积的变化。然后使用相关分析来探索上述关系。与健康阶段的脑组织体积相比，接种后12周和24周（12 wpi，24 wpi）没有变化。在36 wpi，48 wpi和60 wpi时，基底神经节，左下颞回，左枕回，左上额回具有不同程度的萎缩。在任何脑区域，CD4 +，MON％，CFVL与脑容量损失之间均未发现关联。我们的研究表明，在HIV感染的早期阶段，可以通过MRI技术证实局部脑组织萎缩。此外，MRI可以识别出最早的萎缩部位以及受影响最严重的部位。尽管脑组织体积损失与CD4 +，MON％和CFVL之间无显着相关性，但我们的发现为在MR体积成像技术用于HIV感染患者的早期诊断和治疗随访中提供了一些证据。我们的研究表明，在HIV感染的早期阶段，可以通过MRI技术证实局部脑组织萎缩。此外，MRI可以识别出最早的萎缩部位以及受影响最严重的部位。尽管脑组织体积损失与CD4 +，MON％和CFVL之间无显着相关性，但我们的发现为在MR体积成像技术用于HIV感染患者的早期诊断和治疗随访中提供了一些证据。我们的研究表明，在HIV感染的早期阶段，可以通过MRI技术证实局部脑组织萎缩。此外，MRI可以识别出最早的萎缩部位以及受影响最严重的部位。尽管脑组织体积损失与CD4 +，MON％和CFVL之间无显着相关性，但我们的发现为在MR体积成像技术用于HIV感染患者的早期诊断和治疗随访中提供了一些证据。