The $p_{\rm{T}}$-differential non-linear flow modes, $v_{4,22}$, $v_{5,32}$, $v_{6,33}$ and $v_{6,222}$ for $\pi^{\pm}$, $\rm{K}^{\pm}$ , $\rm{K}^{0}_{S}$ , p + $\overline{\rm{p}}$, $\Lambda$ + $\overline{\Lambda}$ and $\phi$-meson have been measured for the first time at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV in Pb-Pb collisions with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results were obtained with a multi-particle technique, correlating the identified hadrons with reference charged particles from a different pseudorapidity region. These non-linear observables probe the contribution from the second and third order initial spatial anisotropy coefficients to higher flow harmonics. All the characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm{T}}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for various particle species are also present in the non-linear flow modes, i.e. increase of magnitude with increasing centrality percentile, mass ordering at low $p_{\rm{T}}$ and particle type grouping in the intermediate $p_{\rm{T}}$ range. Hydrodynamical calculations (iEBE-VISHNU) that use different initial conditions and values of shear and bulk viscosity to entropy density ratios are confronted with the data at low transverse momenta. These calculations exhibit a better agreement with the anisotropic flow coefficients than the non-linear flow modes. These observations indicate that non-linear flow modes can provide additional discriminatory power in the study of initial conditions as well as new stringent constraints to hydrodynamical calculations.

中文翻译：

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在 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 5.02 TeV 的 Pb-Pb 碰撞中识别粒子的非线性流动模式

$p_{\rm{T}}$-微分非线性流动模式，$v_{4,22}$、$v_{5,32}$、$v_{6,33}$ 和 $v_{6,222 }$ 为 $\pi^{\pm}$, $\rm{K}^{\pm}$ , $\rm{K}^{0}_{S}$ , p + $\overline{\rm {p}}$、$\Lambda$ + $\overline{\Lambda}$ 和 $\phi$-介子已在 $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 处首次测量与大型强子对撞机上的 ALICE 探测器的铅-铅碰撞中的 TeV。结果是通过多粒子技术获得的，将已识别的强子与来自不同伪快速区域的参考带电粒子相关联。这些非线性观测值探测二阶和三阶初始空间各向异性系数对更高流动谐波的贡献。在之前的 $p_{\rm{T}}$-不同粒子种类的微分各向异性流动测量中观察到的所有特征特征也存在于非线性流动模式中，即随着中心性百分位数的增加而增加幅度，质量排序在低$p_{\rm{T}}$ 和中间 $p_{\rm{T}}$ 范围内的粒子类型分组。流体力学计算 (iEBE-VISHNU) 使用不同的初始条件以及剪切和体积粘度与熵密度比的值，面临着低横向动量下的数据。与非线性流动模式相比，这些计算与各向异性流动系数表现出更好的一致性。