A pool of 158 Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum accessions, originating from different traditional cropping areas and representative of the einkorn germplasm collection maintained at Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, was characterised for 20 morpho-physiological and qualitative descriptors. The accessions were grown for 4 years in two different Po plain (Italy) locations. The traits analysed were growth habit, awn length, glume colour and hairiness, rachis brittleness, heading date, plant height, spike length, n° spikelets/spike, spikelet density, n° kernels/spikelet, kernel length, width, thickness and volume, thousand kernels weight, protein and carotenoid content, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volume and specific sedimentation volume. A broad variation for all the traits studied was detected and promising accessions for breeding purposes were identified. Several characteristics showed a clear region-specific pattern: the samples tracing their origin to warmer climates were earlier-maturing, taller, had shorter spikes, fewer spikelet/spike, bigger kernels and lower protein content than those from cooler regions. A Principal Components Analysis highlighted the existence of two clusters composed mainly of Maghreb/Iberia and of Prealpine genotypes, whose peculiar characteristics are most likely a consequence of adaptation, by natural selection or by human practices and ingenuity, to their growing environments.

158个普通小麦L.ssp。一球菌来自20个形态生理和定性指标的特征来自不同传统农作地区的种质，代表了保存在Sant'Angelo Lodigiano的Einkorn种质。这些种质在两个不同的Po Plain（意大利）位置生长了4年。分析的特征是生长习性，芒长，颖片颜色和毛羽，羽轴脆性，抽穗期，株高，穗长，n°小穗/穗，小穗密度，n°籽粒/穗，粒长，宽度，厚度和体积，千粒重，蛋白质和类胡萝卜素含量，十二烷基硫酸钠的沉降量和比沉降量。检测到所有所研究特征的广泛变异，并鉴定了用于育种目的的有希望的种质。几个特征显示出清晰的区域特定模式：与较凉爽地区相比，追溯到较暖气候的样品更早成熟，更高，具有更短的穗，更少的小穗/穗，更大的籽粒和更低的蛋白质含量。主成分分析强调了两个集群的存在，这些集群主要由马格里布/伊比利亚和前阿尔卑斯山基因型组成，它们的独特特征很可能是自然选择或人类实践和创造力适应其生长环境的结果。