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Multiple layer encryption and steganography via multi-channel ghost imaging
Optics and Lasers in Engineering ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106227
Hossein Ghanbari-Ghalehjoughi , Mansour Eslami , Sohrab Ahmadi-Kandjani , Mohsen Ghanbari-Ghalehjoughi , Zeyun Yu

Abstract Multiple layers of information security are introduced based on computational ghost imaging (CGI). We show, in the first step, that it is possible to design a very reliable image encryption scheme using 3D computational ghost imaging with two single-pixel detectors sending their data through two channels. It is then shown that further level of security can be achieved by merging data carrying channels into one and using a coded order for their placement in the sequence of bucket data carried by the single channel. Through the Normalized Root Mean Square scale, we show that the second security level is a one step forward. Yet another layer of security is introduced through hiding the actual grayscale image (or even a color image) inside another image (object) before the ghost imaging process such that the hidden image cannot be recognized by the naked eye. We then successfully retrieve the hidden image from a CGI-reconstructed image despite the presence of noise while such noises make steganography impossible by conventional methods. We show that CGI-based steganography is intrinsically robust to attacks involving manipulation of the image matrix and pixels. As for the cryptography attacks, it is shown that the proposed scheme increases the security and robustness such that an attacker needs more than 96 percent of the coded order to recover the hidden image. Storing a gray scale image in a ghost image and retrieving different intensities for the hidden image is unprecedented and could be of interest to the information security community. We also present performance, robustness and attack analyses and show that our layered configuration for information encryption based on CGI successfully passes these checks.

中文翻译:

通过多通道重影成像的多层加密和隐写术

摘要 基于计算重影(CGI)引入了多层信息安全。我们在第一步中表明,可以使用 3D 计算重影成像设计非常可靠的图像加密方案,其中两个单像素检测器通过两个通道发送数据。然后表明,通过将数据承载通道合并为一个通道并使用编码顺序将它们放置在由单个通道承载的桶数据序列中,可以实现更高级别的安全性。通过归一化均方根尺度,我们表明第二个安全级别向前迈进了一步。在重影成像过程之前,通过将实际灰度图像(或什至彩色图像)隐藏在另一个图像(对象)中,从而引入了另一层安全性,使得肉眼无法识别隐藏的图像。然后,尽管存在噪声,我们还是成功地从 CGI 重建图像中检索了隐藏图像,而这些噪声使传统方法无法进行隐写术。我们表明,基于 CGI 的隐写术对于涉及操纵图像矩阵和像素的攻击具有内在的鲁棒性。对于密码学攻击,表明所提出的方案增加了安全性和鲁棒性,使得攻击者需要超过 96% 的编码顺序来恢复隐藏图像。将灰度图像存储在鬼图像中并检索隐藏图像的不同强度是前所未有的,信息安全社区可能会对此感兴趣。我们还提供了性能、稳健性和攻击分析,并表明我们基于 CGI 的信息加密分层配置成功通过了这些检查。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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