Abstract The effects of nature interactions on multiple aspects of human subjective wellbeing are increasingly well understood. Although nature experience has been shown to be positively associated with life satisfaction, it remains unknown whether the diversity of nature experiences contributes to increased life satisfaction and whether the relationship is mediated by a person’s strength of connection with nature. We conducted a national survey in Singapore through online questionnaires (n = 1, 262), where we measured frequency, duration, diversity of nature experiences, and presence or absence of nature views from windows at home and at the workplace. We also measured participants’ strength of connection with nature (how strongly a person identifies with nature). We found that people who visited more diverse types of natural spaces (ranging from wild nature, managed parks, and beaches) had higher life satisfaction. The presence of nature views from windows at the home and/or at the workplace was also linked with higher life satisfaction. We also found that people with a stronger connection with nature had higher life satisfaction when they spent more than one hour in natural spaces per week, while this relationship was weak for people without a strong connection with nature. Our results suggest that urban planning should aim to provide a diversity of natural spaces to increase life satisfaction.

中文翻译：

---

生活满意度与从窗户看到的自然体验和自然景观的多样性有关

摘要 自然相互作用对人类主观幸福感的多个方面的影响越来越被理解。虽然自然体验已被证明与生活满意度呈正相关，但自然体验的多样性是否有助于提高生活满意度，以及这种关系是否是由一个人与自然的联系强度所介导的，仍然未知。我们通过在线问卷 (n = 1, 262) 在新加坡进行了一项全国性调查，我们测量了自然体验的频率、持续时间、多样性，以及在家中和工作场所的窗户是否存在自然景观。我们还测量了参与者与自然的联系强度（一个人对自然的认同程度）。我们发现，访问更多不同类型的自然空间（从野生自然、管理公园和海滩）的人有更高的生活满意度。从家中和/或工作场所的窗户看到的自然景观也与更高的生活满意度有关。我们还发现，每周在自然空间中停留超过一小时的人与自然联系越紧密，生活满意度越高，而对与自然联系不紧密的人来说，这种关系较弱。我们的研究结果表明，城市规划应旨在提供多样化的自然空间，以提高生活满意度。我们还发现，每周在自然空间中停留超过一小时的人与自然联系越紧密，生活满意度越高，而对与自然联系不紧密的人来说，这种关系较弱。我们的研究结果表明，城市规划应旨在提供多样化的自然空间，以提高生活满意度。我们还发现，每周在自然空间中停留超过一小时的人与自然联系越紧密，生活满意度越高，而对与自然联系不紧密的人来说，这种关系较弱。我们的研究结果表明，城市规划应旨在提供多样化的自然空间，以提高生活满意度。