The application of organic amendments to improve the chemical and biological properties of degraded soils from calcareous quarries is necessary to accelerate restoration processes. The aim of this study is to assess the success of different restoration treatments in the long-term using two organic amendments (sewage sludge from urban waste water (SS) and compost from domestic solid waste (CW)). The chemical properties and bacterial communities of restored soils were compared with unamended soils (NA) and surrounding natural soils (NS) from a limestone quarry in a semi-arid ecosystem. After 10 years of the addition of organic amendments, the abundance of soil bacteria, diversity, and taxonomic composition at the phylum and genus level in each soil type was analysed by rRNA 16 S amplification (PCR), sequencing using Illumina, and comparison with the SILVA database using QIIME2 software. The relationships between soil bacterial taxa and chemical soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen content (TN)) were also studied, as well as the interrelations between soil bacterial taxa at the genus level or the next upper taxonomic level identified. The organic amendments changed the chemical properties of the restored soils, influencing the microbial communities of the restored soils. CW treatment was the organic amendment that most resembled NS, favouring in the long-term a greater diversity and proliferation of bacteria. Several bacterial communities, more abundant in NA and CW soils, were strongly correlated with each other (Craurococcus, Phaselicystis, Crossiella, etc.), forming a bacterial co-occurrence pattern (Co-occurrence pattern 1). Those bacteria showed high significant positive correlations with TOC, TN, and EC and negative correlations with the soil pH. In contrast, NA soils presented other groups of bacterial communities (Co-occurrence pattern 2) represented by Sphingomonas, Rubellimicrobium, Noviherbaspirillum, Psychroglaciecola and Caenimonas, which showed high significant positive correlations with soil pH and negative correlations with TOC, TN, and EC. The distance-based redundancy analysis indicated that SS soils remained in an intermediate stage of chemical and biological quality between NS and NA soils. Our results demonstrate that soil chemical properties and soil bacterial communities significantly changed with organic amendments in calcareous Mediterranean soils degraded by mining.

必须应用有机改良剂来改善钙质采石场退化土壤的化学和生物学特性，这对于加速恢复过程是必要的。这项研究的目的是使用两种有机改良剂（城市废水（SS）的污水污泥和生活垃圾（CW）的堆肥）长期评估不同修复方法的成功性。将半干旱生态系统中石灰石采石场的未改良土壤（NA）和周围的天然土壤（NS）与恢复土壤的化学特性和细菌群落进行了比较。在添加有机改良剂10年后，通过rRNA 16 S扩增（PCR），Illumina测序，分析了每种土壤类型在门和属水平上土壤细菌的丰度，多样性和分类学组成，并使用QIIME2软件与SILVA数据库进行比较。还研究了土壤细菌分类群与土壤化学性质（pH，电导率（EC），总有机碳（TOC）和总氮含量（TN））之间的关系，以及土壤细菌分类群之间的相互关系。级别或下一个更高的分类标准级别。有机改性剂改变了恢复土壤的化学性质，影响了恢复土壤的微生物群落。CW处理是最类似于NS的有机修饰，从长远来看有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中较丰富的几个细菌群落彼此之间密切相关（还研究了土壤细菌分类群与土壤化学性质（pH，电导率（EC），总有机碳（TOC）和总氮含量（TN））之间的关系，以及土壤细菌分类群之间的相互关系。级别或下一个更高的分类标准级别。有机改性剂改变了恢复土壤的化学性质，影响了恢复土壤的微生物群落。CW处理是最类似于NS的有机修饰，从长远来看有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中较丰富的几个细菌群落彼此之间密切相关（还研究了土壤细菌分类群与土壤化学性质（pH，电导率（EC），总有机碳（TOC）和总氮含量（TN））之间的关系，以及土壤细菌分类群之间的相互关系。级别或下一个更高的分类标准级别。有机改性剂改变了恢复土壤的化学性质，影响了恢复土壤的微生物群落。CW处理是最类似于NS的有机修饰，从长远来看有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中的一些细菌群落彼此之间有着很强的相关性（以及在属水平或下一个较高分类学水平的土壤细菌分类群之间的相互关系。有机改性剂改变了恢复土壤的化学性质，影响了恢复土壤的微生物群落。CW处理是最类似于NS的有机修饰，从长远来看有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中较丰富的几个细菌群落彼此之间密切相关（以及在属水平或下一个较高分类学水平的土壤细菌分类群之间的相互关系。有机改性剂改变了恢复土壤的化学性质，影响了恢复土壤的微生物群落。CW处理是最类似于NS的有机修饰，从长远来看有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中的一些细菌群落彼此之间有着很强的相关性（从长远来看，有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。NA和CW土壤中的一些细菌群落彼此之间有着很强的相关性（从长远来看，有利于细菌的更大多样性和增殖。在NA和CW土壤中，一些细菌群落更为丰富，彼此之间具有很强的相关性（Craurococcus，Phaselicystis，Crossiella等），形成细菌共生模式（Co-occurrence pattern 1）。这些细菌与TOC，TN和EC呈高度显着正相关，与土壤pH呈负相关。相比之下，北美土壤则表现出其他种类的细菌群落（共生模式2），以鞘氨醇单胞菌，风疹微菌，新生螺旋藻，Psychroglaciecola和Caenimonas为代表，与土壤pH呈高度显着正相关，与TOC，TN和EC呈负相关。基于距离的冗余分析表明，SS土仍处于NS和NA土之间化学和生物质量的中间阶段。我们的结果表明，在采矿导致的地中海石灰质土壤中，土壤有机质改良剂对土壤化学性质和细菌群落的影响显着变化。