The improvement of energy efficiency is an essential strategic objective of sustainable energy sector development in the Baltic countries and can significantly facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy. The paper provides findings from comparative analysis of energy intensity trends during the period 2000–2018 in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the context of energy and climate framework of the European Union (EU). Changes in energy intensity are analysed in each country on three stages: primary energy intensity, final energy intensity and sectoral energy intensity. Based on application of the Fisher Ideal Index, contribution from the increase of energy efficiency and from structural activity changes in the Baltic countries is revealed. The paper provides valuable insights from the detailed analysis of energy intensity in each country and comparison with average indicators in the EU-27 and other countries of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). High energy conversion losses in Estonia, high share of energy intensive industries and fast increase of energy consumption in the Lithuanian transport sector are emphasized as factors limiting further increase of energy efficiency. The results confirm the need of new policies and relevant energy saving obligations in all three countries.

能源效率的提高是波罗的海国家可持续能源部门发展的重要战略目标，可以极大地促进向低碳经济的过渡。本文提供了在欧盟（EU）能源和气候框架下对爱沙尼亚，拉脱维亚和立陶宛2000-2018年期间能源强度趋势进行比较分析的结果。在每个国家中，按三个阶段分析能源强度的变化：一次能源强度，最终能源强度和部门能源强度。根据费舍尔理想指数的应用，揭示了波罗的海国家能源效率的提高和结构活动变化的贡献。本文通过对每个国家的能源强度进行详细分析，并与欧盟27国和波罗的海地区（BSR）其他国家的平均指标进行比较，提供了宝贵的见解。作为限制能源效率进一步提高的因素，强调了爱沙尼亚的高能源转化损失，高能耗产业的高份额以及立陶宛交通运输部门能源消耗的快速增长。结果证实了这三个国家都需要新政策和相关的节能义务。在立陶宛交通运输业中，能源密集型产业的高份额和能源消耗的快速增长被强调为限制能源效率进一步提高的因素。结果证实了这三个国家都需要新政策和相关的节能义务。在立陶宛交通运输业中，能源密集型产业的高份额和能源消耗的快速增长被强调为限制能源效率进一步提高的因素。结果证实了这三个国家都需要新政策和相关的节能义务。