Abstract A model framework for national greenhouse gas emission and removal estimation for Canadian peatlands (CaMP v2.0) was developed and tested. It provides a module that can work alongside the upland forest Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM) developed to eventually replace the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS3) as the core model in Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System. The CaMP (v2.0) provides a simple model foundation that can be applied nationally for 11 different peatland categories. It tracks the growth, turnover and decay in annual time steps of different vegetation components (foliage, branches, stems, and roots of trees, shrubs, sedges and mosses). It uses a Q10 relationship to model peat C pool decomposition as a function of mean annual temperature, and models methane flux response to deviations in annual water table depth. The CaMP takes a simple approach to modeling hydrology for large spatial scales by using the nationally-available Canadian Fire Weather Index Drought Code to predict long-term and annual water table depth. The CaMP (v2.0) provides the framework needed to model disturbances but only includes wildfire in this version. Model behavior and sensitivity were assessed, and evaluated against observed flux data. Results suggest that the CaMP (v2.0) provides an appropriate structure for large spatial- and temporal-scale estimation of emissions, owing to the model behaving as expected relative to shifts in environmental variables, and to reasonably small mean observed to modeled residuals. Methane was overestimated by the model on average by 6 g C ha−1 y − 1 (n = 53 years of data across 11 peatland sites), and by 8 g C ha−1 y − 1 when weighted by site location (n = 12 sites, ≥ 3 years of data per site). The model overestimated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) by 20 g C ha−1 y − 1 (n = 36 years of data across 12 peatland sites), and by 2 g C ha−1 y − 1 when weighted by site location (n = 11 sites, ≥ 3 years of data per site), and results demonstrate that inter-site variation is greater than temporal variation across NEE measures. Several aspects were identified as requiring further work to increase explained variation in finer-scale emission estimates. Recommendations include further expanding the existing peatland databases to re-calibrate peat decomposition rates and better parameterize NPP rates by region for certain vegetation layers and peatland types, as well as developing a national annual-scale soil temperature model that could serve to replace the air temperature (Q10) decay relationship currently used in the CaMP (v2.0). Data gaps that were identified include the need for annualized methane flux datasets with appropriate annual-scale meta-data. Future work is required to include permafrost dynamics, as well as additional natural, and anthropogenic disturbances.

中文翻译：

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加拿大泥炭地模型 (CaMP)：用于国家温室气体报告的泥炭地碳模型

摘要 开发并测试了加拿大泥炭地国家温室气体排放和清除估算模型框架 (CaMP v2.0)。它提供了一个可以与陆地森林通用碳预算模型 (GCBM) 一起工作的模块，该模型最终取代加拿大森林部门的碳预算模型 (CBM-CFS3) 作为加拿大国家森林碳监测、核算和报告的核心模型系统。CaMP (v2.0) 提供了一个简单的模型基础，可以在全国范围内应用于 11 种不同的泥炭地类别。它跟踪不同植被成分（树木、灌木、莎草和苔藓的树叶、树枝、茎和根）在每年的时间步长中的生长、更新和衰退。它使用 Q10 关系将泥炭 C 池分解建模为年平均温度的函数，并模拟甲烷通量对年度地下水位深度偏差的响应。CaMP 通过使用全国可用的加拿大火灾天气指数干旱代码来预测长期和年度地下水位深度，采用一种简单的方法对大空间尺度的水文进行建模。CaMP (v2.0) 提供了模拟干扰所需的框架，但在此版本中仅包含野火。评估模型行为和灵敏度，并根据观察到的通量数据进行评估。结果表明，CaMP (v2.0) 为大空间和时间尺度的排放估计提供了适当的结构，因为该模型相对于环境变量的变化表现如预期，并且观察到的模型残差的均值相当小。甲烷被模型平均高估了 6 g C ha−1 y − 1（n = 11 个泥炭地站点的 53 年数据），并在按站点位置加权时高估了 8 g C ha−1 y − 1（n = 12 个站点，每个站点 ≥ 3 年的数据）。该模型高估了净生态系统交换 (NEE) 20 g C ha−1 y − 1（n = 12 个泥炭地站点的 36 年数据），并在按站点位置加权时高估了 2 g C ha−1 y − 1 (n = 11 个站点，每个站点 ≥ 3 年的数据），结果表明站点间变化大于 NEE 测量的时间变化。有几个方面被确定需要进一步的工作来增加更细尺度排放估计的解释变化。建议包括进一步扩展现有的泥炭地数据库，以重新校准泥炭分解率并更好地按区域对某些植被层和泥炭地类型的 NPP 率进行参数化，以及开发可替代气温的全国年度尺度土壤温度模型(Q10) 当前在 CaMP (v2.0) 中使用的衰减关系。确定的数据缺口包括需要具有适当年度尺度元数据的年度甲烷通量数据集。未来的工作需要包括永久冻土动态，以及额外的自然和人为干扰。确定的数据缺口包括需要具有适当年度尺度元数据的年度甲烷通量数据集。未来的工作需要包括永久冻土动态，以及额外的自然和人为干扰。确定的数据缺口包括需要具有适当年度尺度元数据的年度甲烷通量数据集。未来的工作需要包括永久冻土动态，以及额外的自然和人为干扰。