Basement membranes (BMs) are supramolecular matrices built on laminin and type IV collagen networks that provide structural and signaling support to tissues. BM complexity, however, has hindered an understanding of its formation, dynamics, and regulation. Using genome editing, we tagged 29 BM matrix components and receptors in C. elegans with mNeonGreen. Here, we report a common template that initiates BM formation, which rapidly diversifies during tissue differentiation. Through photobleaching studies, we show that BMs are not static—surprisingly, many matrix proteins move within the laminin and collagen scaffoldings. Finally, quantitative imaging, conditional knockdown, and optical highlighting indicate that papilin, a poorly studied glycoprotein, is the most abundant component in the gonadal BM, where it facilitates type IV collagen removal during BM expansion and tissue growth. Together, this work introduces methods for holistic investigation of BM regulation and reveals that BMs are highly dynamic and capable of rapid change to support tissues.

基底膜（BMs）是建立在层粘连蛋白和IV型胶原网络上的超分子基质，可为组织提供结构和信号支持。然而，BM的复杂性阻碍了对其形成，动力学和调节的理解。使用基因组编辑，我们标记了秀丽隐杆线虫中的29种BM基质成分和受体与mNeonGreen。在这里，我们报告了一个常见的模板，该模板可启动BM的形成，该组织在组织分化过程中迅速多样化。通过光漂白研究，我们表明BM不是静态的-令人惊讶的是，许多基质蛋白在层粘连蛋白和胶原蛋白支架内移动。最后，定量成像，条件敲除和光学高亮显示，木瓜蛋白酶是一种研究不足的糖蛋白，是性腺BM中最丰富的成分，在性腺BM扩张和组织生长过程中可促进IV型胶原的去除。总之，这项工作介绍了对BM调节进行整体研究的方法，并揭示了BM具有很高的动态性，并且能够快速变化以支持组织。